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Articles by Christina Joselevitch in JoVE
JoVE General
TIRF माइक्रोस्कोपी के साथ रेटिना द्विध्रुवी कक्ष में इमेजिंग exocytosis
Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine
इस वीडियो में, हम का प्रदर्शन कैसे लेबल और एकल synaptic पुटिका और सुनहरीमछली रेटिना द्विध्रुवी कुल आंतरिक reflectance प्रतिदीप्ति माइक्रोस्कोपी (TIRF) का उपयोग कर कक्षों में exocytosis तस्करी कल्पना.
Other articles by Christina Joselevitch on PubMed
Interaction Between Rod and Cone Inputs in Mixed-input Bipolar Cells in Goldfish Retina
One class of goldfish bipolar cells, the mixed-input bipolar cell, contacts both rods and cones. Although the morphology of the different mixed-input bipolar cell subtypes has been described, insight into the interaction between rods and cones at the bipolar cell level is scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize this interaction in the different physiological types of mixed-input bipolar cells. We found mixed-input bipolar cells that depolarized, hyperpolarized, or showed a combination of the two types of response after center stimulation. The relative contributions of rod and cone inputs varied strongly in these cell populations. Depolarizing mixed-input bipolar cells are rod-dominated, having the highest sensitivity and the smallest dynamic range. Hyperpolarizing mixed-input bipolar cells, on the other hand, have a more balanced rod-cone input ratio. This extends their dynamic range and decreases their sensitivity. Finally, opponent mixed-input bipolar cells seem to be mostly cone-dominated, although some rod input is present. The antagonistic photoreceptor inputs form a push-pull system that makes these mixed-input bipolar cells very sensitive to changes in light intensity. Our finding that spectral tuning changes with light intensity conflicts with the idea that the separate non-opponent and opponent channels are related to coding of brightness and color, respectively. The organization of mixed-input bipolar cells into various classes with different dynamic ranges and absolute sensitivities might be a strategy to transmit information about all visual aspects most efficiently, given the sustained nature of bipolar cell responses and their limited voltage range.
Localization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Outer Plexiform Layer of the Goldfish Retina
We studied the localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the goldfish outer plexiform layer by light-and electron-microscopical immunohistochemistry. The mGluR1alpha antibody labeled putative ON-type bipolar cell dendrites and horizontal cell processes in both rod spherules and cone triads. Immunolabeling for mGluR2/3 was absent in the rod synaptic complex but was found at horizontal cell dendrites directly opposing the cone synaptic ribbon. The mGluR5 antibody labeled Müller cell processes wrapping rod terminals and horizontal cell somata. The mGluR7 antibody labeled mainly horizontal cell dendrites invaginating rods and cones and some putative bipolar cell dendrites in the cone synaptic complex. The finding of abundant expression of various mGluRs in bipolar and horizontal cell dendrites suggests multiple sites of glutamatergic modulation in the outer retina.
Retinal Parallel Pathways: Seeing with Our Inner Fish
The general organization of the vertebrate retina is highly conserved, in spite of structural variations that occur in different animal classes. The retinas of cyprinid fish, for example, differ in many aspects from those of primates. However, these differences are in the same order of magnitude as those found among mammalian species. Therefore, it is important to consider whether these changes are minor variations on the same theme or whether they lead to fundamentally different functions. In this light, we compare the retinal organization of teleost fish and mammals as regards parallel processing and discuss their many similarities.
The Cytomatrix Protein Bassoon Contributes to Fast Transmission at Conventional and Ribbon Synapses
The presynaptic active zone contains a complex web of proteins involved in synaptic transmission. In this issue of Neuron, two articles show evidence that one of these proteins, Bassoon, coordinates multiple functions in a conventional and ribbon-type synapse.
