Researchers Visualize the Development of Parkinson’s Cells

In the US alone, at least 500,000 people suffer from Parkinson’s disease, a neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to control his or her movement. New technology from the University of Bonn in Germany lets researchers observe the development of the brain cells responsible for the disease.

Up until now, research into the neurons responsible for Parkinson’s disease has focused on the function and degeneration of these neurons in the adult and aging brain. The new tissue slicing method, which will be published this afternoon, allows scientists to observe the development of these brain cells for the first time.

“Little is known about the behavior of these neurons during their differentiation and migration phase,” said article author Dr. Sandra Blaess, “and with this technique, we can really observe how these cells behave during development.”

The new technique also makes the cells available for genetic manipulation, and more information about how these cells develop and function could lead to new treatment options.

“Being able to visualize cell development in this area of the brain is exciting,” said JoVE Editor Dr. Claire Standen. “The availability of this technique could help scientists understand diseases of the dopaminergic system— such as Parkinson’s.”

To see the full video article, please click here.

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JoVE Medical Articles Continue to Deliver Post- Publication Value

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When a JoVE article is published, its written manuscript and corresponding video content is stored by the National Library of Medicine and search site front ends such as PubMed and MEDLINE index the article.  Beyond exposure through physicians’ traditional pathways for accessing content, a JoVE article’s corresponding video content can be useful for other applications.

Specifically looking at case reports and diagnostic procedures, physicians that author these articles have the rights to use both the text and video content for educational and even marketing purposes.

Case Presentations

JoVE authors can submit their published cases for presentation at medical conferences.  JoVE will provide support to presenting authors to cut a version of their article amenable for presentation to your colleagues at your next conference.  Video is more engaging and also more effectively and concisely conveys case information and your treatment paths.

Referral Marketing with Video

Video provides an excellent means to reach other physicians to highlight your

Jeff Hales Virginia Medical Center
Jeff Hales Virginia Medical Center demonstrates his technique for Bronchial Thermoplasty, a treatment for severe asthma.

expertise in an efficient manner.  Typically physician medical video is costly; authors of JoVE articles can post their videos without any additional costs.

The video procedure will credibly educate referring physicians on how the procedure is preformed, how the underlying technology works and cite center specific and clinical trial data in a manner that is peer-reviewed which other videos lack.

Institutional Promotion

While JoVE articles are not typically used for the general public due to the complexity of the data information, clips from JoVE articles can be used by the author’s institution to market the center’s expertise and accomplishments.  JoVE video is filmed in HD and possesses sufficient quality for inclusion in high-quality media presentations to the public.

Clinical Trial Procedural Training

In the case of many multi-site clinical trials, there is a need for educating other physicians on the diagnostic or clinical procedure that is being performed.  A JoVE article can reduce

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
Published article used in a global HIV clinical trials by ViiV Healthcare.

costs associated with training programs by eliminating or supplementing in-person training.  An online video resource can be reviewed prior to procedures, this is helpful when preforming complex techniques long after completing training.

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Medical Video Production and Publication

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Following the same principals of providing transparency and reproducibility for experiments, JoVE created a Clinical and Translational Medicine publication that provides video documentation of clinical procedures.

JoVE Medicine publishes case reports by physicians that can include information on treatment qualifications, patent case history, diagnosis, treatment planning, discussion of complications and presentation of center-specific data or discussing of over arching multi-site clinical studies.

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
Duhamel, D. R., Hales, J. B. Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma. J. Vis. Exp. (45), e2428, DOI: 10.3791/2428 (2010).

Medical case reports published in JoVE do not follow the traditional work flow as experimental methods are documented, the primary reason being that you cannot peer-review a case before it has been documented.  Instead JoVE’s MD script writers, work to outline expected steps in the procedure to film.  The outline accompanies an introduction and discussion to be modified post procedure the day of filming.

During filming physicians are encouraged to verbally discuss important steps of the procedure.  The amount physicians comment varies in each procedure.  In general, physician narratives are much less frequent than in most live case presentations you may be familiar with at medical conferences. Post filming, authors are able to finalize their manuscripts on the case for editorial and peer-review.

In addition to work flow changes, JoVE has modified it’s format to overlay intraoperative images into the video.  This is especially useful for procedures in areas like interventional cardiology which require fluoroscopic images and MRI, CT or Ultrasound scans to visualize what is really happening during a procedure.

With over 100 articles published in JoVE Medicine, JoVE is fast becoming the world’s largest producer of medical video content, in addition to already being the largest producer of video content documenting scientific experiments.

Relevant Links:

JoVE Medicine: http://www.jove.com/medicine

Author Submission: http://www.jove.com/authors

Medical Sponsorship: http://industry.jove.com

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Developing World Diagnostics

Plenary speaker, Dr. Jonathan Cooper of University of Glasgow gave a fascinating talk Monday at SPIE Photonics West entitled “Developing Diagnostics for the Developing World”.

In developed countries, most people will die over the age of 70 of a chronic illness. However in the developing world, most people die of an infectious disease such as, malaria, tuberculosis, or pneumonia and 40% die before the age of 14.

Ingeniously, Dr. Cooper and colleagues have developed a chip to detect such diseases with acoustic waves and a single droplet of blood.  Through a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, the blood droplet will centrifuge and the red blood cells will lyse.  The acoustic wave can then be focused and heat the droplet to amplify the cellular DNA through on-chip polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  All of which can be powered by the charge of a cellphone.  Once the DNA has been amplified, parasite or bacterial DNA can then be detected via simple gel electrophoresis. Brilliant.

Scanning electron micrograph of red blood cells.

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The Importance of Chronically Implanted Catheters

Across disciplines, access to the circulatory system in lab animals for research is essential. Particularly for pharmacological studies, chronically implanted catheters can be used to administer drugs, sample blood, and directly measure blood pressure and the heart rate. With proper technique, catheters can be maintained in healthy animals for several weeks.

“While there are many excellent resources as to the catheterization procedure, Jove provides the unique ability to not only read the step-by-step instructions, but also watch as an investigator performs the procedure,” said paper author Dr. Carrie Northcott from Michigan State University.

To see the procedure in action, please click here.

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Quantifying Muscle Soreness

Quantifying how sore a person is after a long workout is a challenge for doctors and researchers, but scientists from Loma Linda and Asuza Pacific Universities think they may have figured it out. The new technique was published in JoVE this past weekend.

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) or exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is one of the most common sports injuries, but without a reliable method of quantifying muscle soreness, assessing treatments is difficult.

A typical infrared image of a subject’s arm before exercising.

Traditionally, muscle soreness has been measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Participants mark their level of agreement to a statement along a continuous line. Rather than measuring soreness subjectively, the researchers used thermal imaging to detect subtle changes in the temperature of the skin above the exercised muscles.

“The main advantage of this technique,” said paper author Dr. Jerrold Petrofsky, “is that unlike visual scales, which are kind of a subjective measure of whether someone is sore or not, this technique gives you quantifiable, absolute data.”

“There is no gold standard for measuring DOMS or other techniques, such as needle biopsies, are invasive and painful to patients,” said JoVE Editor, Leiam Colbert. “The technique presented here allows for earlier diagnosis and quicker treatment of soreness.”

To watch the video, please click here.

Can’t see the video? Please click here to recommend a subscription to your librarian.

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JoVE Makes an Impact in Canada

As many of you know, JoVE appeared on CTV National News this past weekend. Though JoVE was founded in and operates out of Cambridge, MA we are an international journal, with video-articles published from 35 countries, including over 100 articles from researchers across Canada.

The CTV news story did an excellent job of explaining why this is so significant. Despite the huge advances in scientific innovation, academic publishing has barely changed in the past 300 years. JoVE is the world’s only peer reviewed, PubMed-indexed journal publishing all of its content in both text and video format. This makes research more accessible, and easier to teach, learn and understand.

Scientists Upload Research to YouTube-Inspired Journal

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A science journal that broke the mold of academic publishing with a YouTube-inspired approach to sharing new studies is celebrating its fifth year with a growing Web audience.

JoVE is an online, peer-reviewed and indexed scientific journal that highlights the latest research on everything from plankton cells to human diseases.

What makes JoVE different from some 25,000 scientific journals published worldwide is that it presents information in video format. Subscribers can watch scientists perform and discuss experiments, show off new lab techniques and browse through microscope slides.

Do you believe in the future of academic publishing? Recommend JoVE to your librarian today.

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Why Do Scientists Publish?

Scientific marketing has been trending away from traditional marketing activities employed by other industries in the past 15 years.  This has been driven either by regulations or the nature of researchers/physicians as an audience to demand evidence on marketing claims.  To utilize and develop marketing using more credible resources, it is necessary to understand the role of peer-reviewed publishing.

History

Robert Hooke was the first curator of experiments for the Royal Society which published the first academic journal, “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society” in 1665.  Accompanying the emergence of scientific publishing was the radical acceleration of scientific progress, contributing to “The Renaissance.”

Particularly in the past 30 years, the number of journals and articles has increased rapidly,

STM-publishing1responding the growing number of research scientists.


Magazine vs. Journal

The process of publishing an article begins with a key opinion leader author that writes an article.  This article is sent to other key opinion leaders in the field for review.  Reviewers typically ask questions, and for revisions from the author.  After comments have been addressed the article can be accepted for publication by the journal.

magazine-v-journalA magazine is written and edited by journalists about science or scientists.  Articles are commissioned by an editor.  Its content is based on previously established knowledge or work.   The audience for a magazine is a mix between scientists and the general public.

A journal is written by scientists typically about their own work.  Articles are written on original research and new results or methods.  The work is reviewed by peers in the scientific community with established records of publication and research.  Peer-reviewed content is considered more trustworthy.  Journal articles are archived in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) which is indexed and searchable online by PubMed.  The audience drawn by a journal is typically only researchers and physicians.

What’s in it for the author?

Journal authors contribute to the overall body of knowledge available to the scientific community.  Colleagues can then produce and expand on the knowledge the result is advancement of the overall field.  Publication provides recognition within the field for the author and builds their reputation as a key opinion leader.

Authors are typically affiliated with a research institution, university or hospital.  It is common for an institution to require journal publication for tenure, advancement or fund allocation.  Government and private institutions that issue grants also base their awards on journal publications.

Conclusions

You should better understand the world of academic publishing.  For a visual presentation of how peer-reviewed publications are developed this video is informative: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twogpmM-SfY.

Hopefully this clarifies why researchers are excited about utilizing peer-reviewed information and authoring publications.

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Power in Numbers

Dr. Eric Lander, founding director of the Broad Insititute and advocate of collaboration in science, was profiled in The New York Times earlier this week.

Though he received his Ph.D. from Oxford University in mathematics, Dr. Lander is now a leader in the field of genetics, and was a key contributor to the Human Genome Project. In 2009 he authored a video-article in JoVE entitled “A Method to Study the Three-Dimensional Architecture of Genomes.”

Power in Numbers

His Ph.D. is in pure mathematics, in a subfield so esoteric and specialized that even if someone gets a great result, it can be appreciated by only a few dozen people in the entire world. But he left that world behind and, with no formal training, entered another: the world of molecular biology, medicine and genomics.

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As founding director of the Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T., he heads a biology empire and raises money from billionaires. He also teaches freshman biology (a course he never took) at M.I.T., advises President Obama on science and runs a lab.

Eric Lander — as a friend, Prof. David Botstein of Princeton, put it — knows how to spot and seize an opportunity when one arises. And he has another quality, says his high school friend Paul Zeitz: bravery combined with optimism.

To read the full article, click here.

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A Healthier Cigarette?

From a health care perspective, the best cigarette is no cigarette, but for the millions of people who try to quit every year, researchers from Cornell University may have found a way to make smoking less toxic.

Using natural antioxidant extracts in cigarette filters, the scientists were able to demonstrated that lycopene and grape seed extract drastically reduced the amount of cancer-causing free radicals passing through the filter. The research will be the 1500th article published in JoVE.

“The implications of this technique can help reduce the hazardous effects of tobacco smoke,” said Dr. Boris Dzikovski, who co-authored the paper, “because free radicals are a major group of carcinogens.”

Scientists have tried to make safer cigarettes in the past. Haemoglobin (which transports oxygen in red blood cells) and activated carbon have been shown to reduce free radicals in cancer smoke by up to 90 percent, but because of the cost, the combination has not been successfully introduced to the market.

JoVE Content Director, Dr. Aaron Kolski-Andreaco, is very excited to be publishing this article as the journal’s landmark 1500th article.

“Practically, this research could lead to an alternative type of cigarette filter with a free radical scavenging additive,” said Kolski-Andreaco. “It could lead to a less harmful cigarette.”

To watch the full article, please click here.

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