National Defense Medical College Research Institute 2 articles published in JoVE Bioengineering Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Afrina Mustari*1, Izumi Nishidate*1, Md. Abdul Wares1,6, Takaaki Maeda2, Satoko Kawauchi3, Shunichi Sato3, Manabu Sato4, Yoshihisa Aizu5 1Graduate School of Bio-application & Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kushiro National College of Technology, 3Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 4Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 5College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 6Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Government of Bangladesh Here, we demonstrate how agarose-based tissue-mimicking optical phantoms are made and how their optical properties are determined using a conventional optical system with an integrating sphere. Neuroscience Simultaneous Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Light Scattering Properties of the In Vivo Rat Brain Using Multispectral Diffuse Reflectance Imaging Izumi Nishidate1, Afrina Mustari1, Satoko Kawauchi2, Shunichi Sato2, Manabu Sato3 1Graduate School of Bio-application & Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, 2Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University The simultaneous evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics and the light scattering properties of in vivo rat brain tissue is demonstrated using a conventional multispectral diffuse reflectance imaging system.