Chapter 7
Essential Cellular Processes
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link…
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity…
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform…
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence.…
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it…
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation.…
The cell cycle refers to the sequence of events occurring throughout a typical cell’s life. In eukaryotic cells, the somatic cell cycle has two…
The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of…
In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome…
The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes…
Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the…
Meiosis is the process by which diploid cells divide to produce haploid daughter cells. In humans, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes, half…
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes.…
In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small…
G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate…
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array…
Use of Drosophila S2 Cells for Live Imaging of Cell Division
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Drosophila S2 cells are an important tool in studying mitosis in tissue culture, providing molecular insights into this fundamental cellular process…
Mitosis is critical for organismal growth and differentiation. The process is highly dynamic and requires ordered events to accomplish proper…
The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised…
