Chapter 4
Introduction to Separation Methods
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated…
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform…
Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents.…
Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide…
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources.…
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form…
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that…
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law,…
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here,…
Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile…