Name: radius: forearm motion and wrist support
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:51.000Z
Duration: 1 min 9 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

9-12

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Support And Motion

Skeletal System

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is the lateral forearm bone that runs parallel to the ulna and joins it proximally at the radial notch and distally via the ulnar notch.
It has a nail-shaped head and a curvy shaft that ends in a pointed projection called the radial styloid process.
At the proximal end, the head joins with the humeral capitulum and the ulna, forming the elbow joint. Rotation of the radial head enables forearm movement while turning the palm upwards or downwards. During flexing of the arm, the head moves into the radial fossa of the humerus.
Just below the radial head, a narrow neck extends to the rough radial tuberosity that anchors the bicep muscles of the arm.
At the distal end, the radial styloid process joins with the wrist bones forming the radiocarpal or wrist joint.
The styloid process stabilizes the wrist joint movement via a short and a long radiolunate ligament to limit the lateral rotation of the wrist.

bones of the upper limb: radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the&#160;radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short neck that extends to the oval-shaped prominence termed the radial tuberosity. The radial tuberosity attaches to the biceps brachii muscle. The radial shaft is slightly curved and has an interosseous membrane connecting it to the ulna along its entire length. The shaft also consists of multiple attachment sites for the muscles, including pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator, and other hand muscles that help in the pronation, supination, flexing, and extension movements of the forearm bone.
During pronation, the radial head crosses&#160;over the ulna, so the palm faces posteriorly, while a reversal of this movement allows the palms to supinate and face anteriorly. An annular ligament surrounding the radial head stabilizes the head to the ulnar notch.
This text is adapted from <a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/8-2-bones-of-the-upper-limb">Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 8.2: Bones of the Upper Limb</a>.

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Unit 1

The Appendicular Skeleton

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

radius: forearm motion and wrist support

The radius is the longer bone in the forearm, and it plays a key role in elbow, wrist, and hand movement. It sits beside the ulna in the antebrachium, which is the forearm. At the upper end, the radius meets the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to help form the elbow joint.

The lower end of the radius connects with the ulna through the ulnar notch. This connection forms the distal radioulnar joint. The radius also joins the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones at the wrist to form the radiocarpal joint.

The radius has a nail-shaped head and a short neck. Below the neck is the radial tuberosity, an oval-shaped bump where the biceps brachii muscle attaches. The shaft of the radius is slightly curved. An interosseous membrane runs along its length and links it to the ulna.

Several muscles attach along the radius and help move the forearm and hand. These include pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator, and other hand muscles. They help with pronation, supination, flexing, and extension. During pronation, the radial head crosses over the ulna so the palm faces posteriorly. When the movement reverses, the palms supinate and face anteriorly. An annular ligament surrounds the radial head and helps stabilize it in the ulnar notch.

Radius: Forearm Motion and Wrist Support

bones of the upper limb: humerus

Humerus Landmarks and Elbow Joints

The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm. It connects the shoulder region to the forearm and helps form the shoulder and elbow joints. In the upper limb, it sits between the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. At the top of the humerus is a smooth, rounded head. It fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula, or shoulder blade, to form the glenohumeral joint. The edge of the head is the anatomical neck, which is a leftover epiphyseal plate. Near the top, the humerus also widens into...

bones of the upper limb: ulna

Ulna: Elbow and Wrist Support Bone

The ulna is a forearm bone that helps support the elbow and wrist. It runs parallel to the radius, and it lies on the medial side of the antebrachium, or forearm. Its shape and joint surfaces help the arm bend, rotate, and stay stable during movement. At the proximal end, the ulna has the olecranon process. This hook-like tip fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. That hinge-like joint allows flexion and extension at the forearm while...

The radius is the longer bone in the forearm, and it plays a key role in elbow, wrist, and hand movement. It sits beside the ulna in the antebrachium, which is the forearm. At the upper end, the radius meets the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to help form the elbow joint. The lower end of the radius connects with the ulna through the ulnar notch. This connection forms the distal radioulnar joint. The radius also joins the scaphoid and lunate carpal bones at the wrist...

bones of the lower limb: femur and patella

bones-of-the-lower-limb-femur-and-patella

Femur and Patella: Knee and Hip Support

The femur and patella help support movement at the hip and knee. The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body. It spans the thigh region and connects the hip joint to the knee joint. The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum of the hip bone. A small dip on the medial side of the femoral head is the fovea capitis. This is where the ligament of the head of the femur attaches. That weak ligament runs between the femur and acetabulum and helps support the hip joint. Below the head...

bones of the lower limb: tibia and fibula

Lower Leg Bones and Ankle Landmarks

The tibia and fibula are the two bones of the lower leg. The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone. It is larger than the fibula and is the second longest bone in the body. It lies close to the skin, so many of its parts are easy to feel. The upper end of the tibia helps form the knee joint. Its medial condyle and lateral condyle join with the condyles of the femur. Between them is the intercondylar eminence, an uneven raised area that anchors two supporting ligaments of the knee. The tibial...

changes in the appendicular skeleton with age

changes-in-the-appendicular-skeleton-with-age

How Limb Buds Form the Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton begins as limb buds on the side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, and the lower limb bud follows soon after. Each limb bud has a core of mesenchyme, which is a loose embryonic tissue, covered by ectoderm, the outer cell layer. A thickened part of the ectoderm forms the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge signals the mesenchyme below it to divide quickly and drive limb outgrowth. As the limb bud grows...

key terms and concepts

Learn how the radius forms the elbow, wrist, and forearm joints, supports muscle attachment, and helps the arm rotate during pronation and supination.

Radius: Forearm Motion and Wrist Support | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology showcases the anatomical and physiological details of the human body in comprehensive, clear, and engaging video animations. This collection of lessons focuses on the structures, components, functions, and requirements of the human body. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of this knowledge in real-world medical and research settings.

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.13

SC.912.L.14.14

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Muscular System

Radius: Forearm Motion and Wrist Support

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