Name: fundamental quantities in engineering mechanics
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Physics

PHYS.1

IPC.1.G

Basic Concept

المفاهيم الأساسية للميكانيكا الهندسية هي الطول والوقت والكتلة والقوة.
ضع في اعتبارك جسما يتحرك من النقطة A إلى B. يتم وصف المسافة المقطوعة حسب الطول باستخدام الإحداثيات بالنسبة إلى نقطة مرجعية.
يصف الطول أيضا الخصائص الهندسية للأنظمة الفيزيائية ، بينما يقيس الوقت تعاقب حدث مثل وقت السفر بين النقطتين A و B.
الكتلة هي مقياس لكمية المادة في جسم لا يتغير مع الموقع ، بينما تعتبر القوة بمثابة عمل جسم على آخر ، مثل الدفع أو السحب ، أو جذب الجاذبية.
للتحليل النظري ، تستخدم الميكانيكا الهندسية بعض الافتراضات. أولا ، يعتبر الجسم جسيما ذو كتلة يمكن إهمال حجمه.
ثانيا ، بغض النظر عن مادته وحمولته المطبقة ، يعتبر الجسيم جسما صلبا حيث يتم إهمال التشوه.
أخيرا ، يتم تمثيل الحمل المطبق كقوة مركزة تعمل عند نقطة على جسم ما.

<ol>
	<li>هيبلر ، آر سي (2016). الميكانيكا الهندسية - الإحصاء والديناميكيات. هوبوكين ، نيو جيرسي: قاعة بيرسون برنتيس. ص 4 - 5.</li>
	<li>بير ، إف بي ؛ جونستون ، إي آر ؛ مازوريك ، د. إف. كرومويل ، بي جيه وسيلف ، ب. (2019). ميكانيكا المتجهات للمهندسين - الإحصاء والديناميكيات. نيويورك: ماكجرو هيل. ص - 3.</li>
	<li>مريم ، جي إل. كريج ، إل جي ، وبولتون ، ج. (2020). الميكانيكا الهندسية - الإحصاء. هوبوكين ، نيو جيرسي: جون وايلي. ص - 2.</li>
</ol>

المفاهيم الأساسية.

<div style="direction:rtl">تعد الميكانيكا الهندسية احد فروع علم الهندسة التي تقوم بدراسة الحركة والقوى المؤثرة على الأجسام. كما يتشكل بناءا عليها أساس العديد من الفروع الهندسية الأخرى. يمثل كل من الطول والزمن والكتلة والقوة بعض المفاهيم الأساسية في الميكانيكا الهندسية. احد تلك المفاهيم الاساسية هو الطول ، والذي يعبر عن مقدار المسافة التي يقطعها جسم متحرك. للتعبير عن الطول ، يتم استخدام إحداثيات نقطة بالنسبة لاخرى مرجعية لقياس المسافة. لا يعبر الطول فقط عن المسافة التي يقطعها الجسم، ولكنه يعبر أيضًا عن وصف خواص الاشكال الهندسية للأنظمة الفيزيائية. على سبيل المثال ، حافلة تسافر من مدينة X إلى مدينة Y. يمكن تتبع موقع الحافلة في أي وقت مع مساعدة النظام الإحداثي. في هذه الحالة، لا يكفي الطول لوصف الحدث، وبناءً على ذلك يتم استخدام الزمن لقياس تعاقب الحدث، مثل قياس الوقت اللازم لسفر الحافلة بين المدينة X والمدينة Y. يمثل الزمن، الذي يقيس تعاقب الحدث، مفهوم آخر أساسي في الميكانيكا الهندسية. الكتلة هي قياس لكمية المادة في جسم والتي تتغير مع تغير موقعها. يمكن قياس الكتلة عن طريق تحديد مدى مقاومة الجسم للتغير في اتجاهه أو سرعته عند تأثره بقوة. القوة هي مفهوم آخر اساسي في الميكانيكا الهندسية، وتُعرف على أنها تأثير جسم على جسم آخر. يمكن للقوى أن تدفع أو تجذب أو تبعد جسمًا عن جسم آخر. الجاذبية هي مثال كلاسيكي على قوة انجذاب الأجسام نحو بعضها البعض. دفع جسم هو مثال على استخدام قوة تلامسية، في حين أن قطعة حديد مجذوبة بواسطة مغناطيس هي مثال على استخدام قوة غير تلامسية. تستند الميكانيكا الهندسية على افتراضات معينة تجعل من التحليل النظري ممكنًا. أولاً ، غالبًا ما يتم التعامل مع الجسم على انه جسيم مهمل الحجم له كتلة محددة. يتيح لنا هذا الفرض وصف حركة الجسم باستخدام معادلات رياضية مبسطة. ثانيًا ،بغض النظر عن نوع مادته والقوى المؤثرة عليه ، يُمكن اعتبارالجسيم على انه جسم متماسك غير قابل للتشوه. أخيرًا، يتم التعبير على القوى المؤثره على انها قوة يتركز تأثيرها على نقطة معينة على الجسم. على سبيل المثال، عند تحليل قدرة خطاف الونش على حمل الاثقال ، يتم اعتبار خطاف الرافعة على انه جسيم مهمل الحجم والشكل. الخطاف هو جسم لا يتشوه ، وتؤثر القوة على نقطة معينة على الخطاف.</div>

الميكانيكا الهندسية هي فرع من فروع الهندسة يدرس الحركة والقوى المؤثرة على الأشياء. إنه موضوع أساسي ويشكل أساس ...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

الهندسة الميكانيكية

Unit 1

الوحدة الأولى

An Introduction to Statics

مقدمة في علم السكون (الاستاتيكا)

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

المصطلحات والمفاهيم الأساسية

fundamental quantities in engineering mechanics

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields.

Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems.

Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a simple example. The bus location can be tracked with a coordinate system, but time is needed to measure the travel period.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It does not change with location. Mass can be related to how much an object resists a change in direction or speed when a force acts on it.

Force is the action of one body on another. It can push, pull, attract, or repel. Gravity is an example of an attractive force. Pushing a surface is a contact force, while an iron piece pulled by a magnet shows a non-contact force.

Engineering mechanics also uses simplifying assumptions to make analysis possible. An object may be treated as a particle with mass, so its size is ignored. It may also be treated as a rigid body, which means deformation is neglected. The load is then shown as a concentrated force acting at a single point, such as when studying the load-carrying capacity of a crane hook.

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

fundamental-quantities-in-engineering-mechanics

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

basic concept

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields. Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems. Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a...

newton's law of motion

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion

Newton's laws explain everyday motion and the forces that change it. These three laws describe why objects move, stay still, or speed up. They also show how force and mass affect motion. Newton's first law is the law of inertia. It says an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving at a constant speed and direction unless an external force acts on it. A sliding box that slows down on its own is a good example. In that case, friction is the net external force that works...

newton's law of gravitational attraction

Gravity Between Masses and Distance

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687. The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.

units of measurement

SI and Customary Measurement Systems

Mechanical engineering depends on units of measurement for precise and accurate calculations. These units give engineers a standard way to express and compare physical quantities. They are essential when designing and analyzing machines and mechanical systems. Many historical measurement systems have been used over time. Examples include the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus Valley system. Today, the International...

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numerical calculations

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accuracy, limits, and approximation

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Accuracy and approximation are important in calculations, especially in engineering. Accuracy means how close a measured value is to the true or actual value. Repeated measurements are often used in engineering mechanics to help make results more precise and accurate. The accuracy of a solution depends on empirical data and the results from different calculations or measurements. A cylindrical container filled with liquid is a simple example. Its volume can be found from the measured...

dimensional analysis

Using Dimensions to Check Physics Equations

Dimensional analysis is a useful way to check physics and engineering equations. It works by writing physical quantities in terms of basic dimensions such as mass, length, and time. Quantities like velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from these basic dimensions. This method helps compare measurements even when the units are different. It also checks whether an equation is dimensionally homogeneous. That means the powers of the fundamental dimensions must match on both sides of the...

problem solving in statics

Statics Problem-Solving Steps for Beams

Statics problem-solving uses a step-by-step method to analyze bodies in equilibrium, especially beams. It is an important part of physics and engineering because the goal is to find practical and accurate answers for real situations. The process usually starts with a physical situation and then turns it into a mathematical model. That model often needs approximations and assumptions. Very small distances can be ignored when they are much smaller than the main dimensions, such as beam width...

key terms and concepts

Explore length, time, mass, and force in engineering mechanics, plus key simplifying assumptions like particles, rigid bodies, and concentrated loads.

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

Observational Research

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Models, Theories, and Laws

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Case Studies

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Ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations

PHYS.1.A

Study Design in Statistics

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Experimental Designs

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Apply scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations, and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems

PHYS.1.B

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Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards

PHYS.1.C

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

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Lab Techniques

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Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

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Making Solutions in the Laboratory

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Use appropriate tools such as balances, ballistic carts or equivalent, batteries, computers, constant velocity cars, convex lenses, copper wire, discharge tubes with power supply (H, He, Ne, Ar), data acquisition probes and software, dynamics and force demonstration equipment, electrostatic generators, electrostatic kits, friction blocks, graph paper, graphing technology, hand-held visual spectroscopes, inclined planes, iron filings, lab masses, laser pointers, magnets, magnetic compasses, metric rulers, motion detectors, multimeters (current, voltage, resistance), optics bench, optics kit, photogates, plane mirrors, prisms, protractors, pulleys, resistors, rope or string, scientific calculators, stopwatches, springs, spring scales, switches, tuning forks, wave generators, or other equipment and materials that will produce the same results.

PHYS.1.D

Units and Standards of Measurement

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International System of Units

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Base Quantities and Derived Quantities

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Qualitative Analysis

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Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative data as evidence

PHYS.1.E

Review and Preview

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Ogive Graph

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Histogram

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Relative Frequency Histogram

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Scatter Plot

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Time-Series Graph

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Bar Graph

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Multiple Bar Graph

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Pareto Chart

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Pie Chart

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Life Tables

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Contingency Table

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Organize quantitative and qualitative data using bar charts, line graphs, scatter plots, data tables, labeled diagrams, and conceptual mathematical relationships

PHYS.1.F

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Problem Solving in Statics

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Free-body Diagrams: Problem Solving

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Equilibrium and Free-body Diagrams

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Mechanical Systems

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One-Degree-of-Freedom System

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Null and Alternative Hypotheses

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Distinguish among scientific hypotheses, theories, and laws.

PHYS.1.H

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

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