Name: gravity between masses and distance
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Earth Science

Earth’s Place In The Universe

HS-ESS1-4

Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction

Newton&#39;s law of gravitational attraction states that when two particles of masses m1 and m2 &#160;are separated by distance r, they attract each other with equal and opposite forces.
The attraction force acts along the line joining the particles and varies directly as the product of their masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them, where G is the universal constant known as the gravitational constant.
The gravitational attraction force exerted by the Earth on an object is the object&#39;s weight. It is the product of the object&#39;s mass and acceleration due to gravity, expressed in newton.
Gravity separators, drop hammers, and gravity conveyors are a few mechanical tools that work on the principle of Newton&#39;s law of gravitation.
Consider the drop hammer forging process. Here, the hammer of a specific weight is raised to a certain height and then allowed to fall freely.
Since the Earth has a strong gravitational pull, the hammer always falls. The force created by this fall gives the required shape to the workpieces.

newton's law of gravitational attraction

Sir Isaac Newton established the universality of the law of gravitational attraction based on empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published his work in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (&#34;the Principia&#34;) on July 5, 1687.
Newton&#39;s law of gravitational attraction is a fundamental law of physics that governs the attraction between objects. It states that the magnitude of the gravitational force between any two objects is proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance from one another.
Gravity is stronger between objects with greater mass. Every pair of bodies experiences gravitational forces. One of the most ubiquitous applications of this law is our understanding of the motion of the planets in the solar system. The gravitational force between the planets and the sun is responsible for their motion around the sun. It also explains phenomena such as tides caused by the moon&#39;s gravitational force on the Earth.
Another example where this law is used is in the design of roller coasters. Roller coaster carts are set in motion with a chain lift hill, which provides the initial force to move the cart up the first steep hill. Once at the top, gravity pulls the cart down the track through a series of turns, loops, and drops.
The universal law of gravitation is significant because it has been successful in explaining many phenomena, such as how different objects in the macroscopic universe affect each other, how gravity is accountable for a body&#39;s weight and holds us on the ground, how the moon moves around the Earth, how planetary motion happens, the generation of tidal forces, and so forth.

Sir Isaac Newton established the universality of the law of gravitational attraction based on empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published his ...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Unit 1

An Introduction to Statics

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

gravity between masses and distance

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687.

The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. In simple terms, larger masses create stronger gravity, while greater distance weakens the force.

Every pair of bodies experiences gravitational force. This law helps explain the motion of the planets in the solar system. The pull between the Sun and the planets keeps them moving around the Sun.

Newton’s law also explains tides on Earth. The Moon’s gravitational force on Earth produces tidal forces. The same idea helps describe roller coasters, too. A chain lift hill gives the cart its initial motion up the first steep hill, and then gravity pulls it down through turns, loops, and drops.

This universal law of gravitation is important because it explains many large-scale effects in the macroscopic universe. It accounts for a body’s weight and helps keep us on the ground. It also describes the Moon’s motion around Earth, planetary motion, and the generation of tides.

Gravity Between Masses and Distance

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

basic concept

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields. Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems. Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a...

newton's law of motion

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion

Newton's laws explain everyday motion and the forces that change it. These three laws describe why objects move, stay still, or speed up. They also show how force and mass affect motion. Newton's first law is the law of inertia. It says an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving at a constant speed and direction unless an external force acts on it. A sliding box that slows down on its own is a good example. In that case, friction is the net external force that works...

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687. The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.

units of measurement

SI and Customary Measurement Systems

Mechanical engineering depends on units of measurement for precise and accurate calculations. These units give engineers a standard way to express and compare physical quantities. They are essential when designing and analyzing machines and mechanical systems. Many historical measurement systems have been used over time. Examples include the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus Valley system. Today, the International...

international system of units

SI Units and Metric Prefixes

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numerical calculations

Engineering Notation and Significant Figures

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accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy and Approximation in Calculations

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dimensional analysis

Using Dimensions to Check Physics Equations

Dimensional analysis is a useful way to check physics and engineering equations. It works by writing physical quantities in terms of basic dimensions such as mass, length, and time. Quantities like velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from these basic dimensions. This method helps compare measurements even when the units are different. It also checks whether an equation is dimensionally homogeneous. That means the powers of the fundamental dimensions must match on both sides of the...

problem solving in statics

Statics Problem-Solving Steps for Beams

Statics problem-solving uses a step-by-step method to analyze bodies in equilibrium, especially beams. It is an important part of physics and engineering because the goal is to find practical and accurate answers for real situations. The process usually starts with a physical situation and then turns it into a mathematical model. That model often needs approximations and assumptions. Very small distances can be ignored when they are much smaller than the main dimensions, such as beam width...

key terms and concepts

Explore Newton’s law of gravitation, how mass and distance affect gravity, and why it explains planets, tides, and roller coasters.

Gravity Between Masses and Distance | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering offers concise, easy-to-understand animated videos covering key topics such as equilibrium, forces, truss analysis, and structural mechanics. Explore their real-world applications, and witness these concepts in action through scientist-led experiments.

mechanical engineering

south-carolina-college-and-career-ready-science-standards

South Carolina College and Career Ready Science Standards

Physics

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

P-PS2-4

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The Principle of Superposition and the Gravitational Field

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Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

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Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion

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Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun's core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation.  Emphasis is on the energy transfer mechanisms that allow energy from nuclear fusion in the sun's core to reach Earth. Examples of evidence for the model include observations of the masses and lifetimes of other stars, as well as the ways that the sun's radiation varies due to sudden solar flares ("space weather"), the 11-year sunspot cycle, and non-cyclic variations over centuries .

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Construct an explanation of the Big Bang theory based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, and composition of matter in the universe.  Emphasis is on the astronomical evidence of the red shift of light from galaxies as an indication that the universe is currently expanding, the cosmic microwave background as the remnant radiation from the Big Bang, and the observed composition of ordinary matter of the universe, primarily found in stars and intersellar gases (from the spectra of electromagnetic radiation from stars), which matches that predicted by Big Bang theory .

HS-ESS1-2

Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements.  Emphasis is on the way nucleosynthesis, and therefore the different elements created, depends on the mass of a star and the stage of its lifetime .

HS-ESS1-3

Gravitation

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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Source: Ketron Mitchell-Wynne, PhD,&#160;Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of ...

Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.  Emphasis is on Newtonian gravitational laws governing orbital motions, which apply to human-made satellites as well as other celestial bodies (e.g. graphical representations of orbits) .

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Physical Properties Of Minerals II: Polymineralic Analysis

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Igneous Volcanic Rock

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
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Igneous Intrusive Rock

Source: Laboratory of Alan Lester - University of Colorado Boulder
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Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

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Evaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.  Emphasis is on the ability of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks. Examples include evidence of the ages of oceanic crust increasing with distance from mid-ocean ridges (a result of plate spreading) and the ages of North American continental crust decreasing with distance away from a central ancient continental center (a result of past plate interactions) .

HS-ESS1-5

Apply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth's formation and early history.  Emphasis is on using available evidence within the solar system to reconstruct the early history of Earth, which formed along with the rest of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. Examples include the absolute age of ancient materials (obtained by radiometric dating of meteorites, moon rocks, and Earth's oldest materials), the sizes and compositions of solar system objects, and the impact cratering record of planetary surfaces .

HS-ESS1-6

Gravity Between Masses and Distance

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