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Vibrating concrete compacts freshly placed concrete in forms and around reinforcement to expel entrapped air and form a dense concrete mass. This process eliminates air pockets that would otherwise weaken the concrete structure, ensuring better strength and durability of the final product.

An internal vibrator, such as a poker vibrator, is plunged swiftly through the entire thickness of freshly placed concrete and partially into the underlying plastic layer. Vibrations are applied every 2 to 3 feet for 5 seconds to 2 minutes depending on concrete consistency. The poker is gradually pulled to allow the space it occupied to seal naturally.

Internal vibrators work directly on concrete by plunging into it, while external vibrators are firmly attached to formwork via elastic support, vibrating both form and concrete simultaneously. External vibrators are used for precast or thin sections and may require positional adjustments during pouring. Internal vibrators are generally more efficient for direct concrete compaction.

External vibrators are preferred for precast concrete elements or thin in situ sections where direct insertion of an internal vibrator is impractical. They vibrate the formwork and concrete simultaneously, providing uniform compaction. However, they may require repositioning during concrete placement to ensure adequate coverage.

A vibrating table provides uniform vibrations to precast concrete units by clamping the formwork directly onto the vibrator platform. This method ensures consistent compaction throughout the precast element, eliminating air pockets and producing a dense, uniform concrete mass suitable for precast applications.

As the internal vibrator is gradually pulled from the concrete, the hole it created naturally seals itself. This prevents the formation of voids or weak spots in the concrete where the vibrator was inserted, maintaining the integrity and density of the compacted concrete mass.

Vibration duration ranges from 5 seconds to 2 minutes depending on the concrete's consistency. Proper duration ensures adequate compaction and air expulsion without over-vibrating, which could cause segregation. The concrete's workability and mix design determine the optimal vibration time for achieving maximum density and preparing for curing of concrete.