أمّ الدم IV: إدارة التمريض

Nurses must continuously monitor for clinical manifestations and diagnostic indicators of rupture, including tachycardia, hypotension, pallor, weakness, abdominal or back pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regular assessment of peripheral pulses is essential. Immediate reporting of these signs enables rapid intervention and prevents life-threatening complications.

Preoperative preparation includes instructing patients to consume a clear liquid diet and remain NPO after midnight. Administer prescribed oral laxatives or enemas and perform skin cleansing with antimicrobial agents. Provide prescribed medications, including intravenous antibiotics. These measures reduce infection risk, prevent aspiration, and ensure optimal surgical conditions.

Positioning the patient supine for 6 hours reduces pressure on the arterial puncture site, typically the femoral artery, preventing bleeding and hematoma formation. After 2 hours, the head of the bed may be elevated up to 45 degrees. This positioning strategy protects the access site while maintaining hemodynamic stability during early recovery.

Nurses perform Doppler assessments of peripheral pulses every 15 minutes initially, assessing femoral, posterior tibial, popliteal, and dorsalis pedis pulses for descending aorta surgeries. Continuously monitor the access site for bleeding, hematoma, and irregularly shaped cyanotic areas indicating embolization. Report any changes in pulse quality, vital signs, swelling, pain, or pulsation immediately.

Postimplantation syndrome presents with spontaneous fever, leukocytosis, and transient thrombocytopenia. Nurses monitor laboratory results for elevated white blood cell counts and assess vital signs regularly. Understanding these expected inflammatory responses helps distinguish normal postoperative reactions from infection, guiding appropriate clinical decision-making and patient management.

Administer IV fluids, electrolytes, and blood components as ordered to maintain adequate blood flow. Monitor central venous pressure and urine output hourly to assess hydration and perfusion status. Provide prescribed diuretics, antihypertensive agents, analgesics, and antidysrhythmics. Maintain continuous ECG monitoring and oxygen therapy to enhance myocardial oxygen supply and prevent complications.

Connect the NG tube to low, intermittent suction to decompress the stomach, prevent aspiration, and reduce pressure on suture lines. Record the amount and character of NG output. Assess bowel sounds every 4 hours and encourage early ambulation to restore bowel function. Six hours postoperatively, patients may roll side to side and ambulate with assistance.