نظرية مارسيا لحالة الهوية

James Marcia proposed the identity status concept to describe how adolescents approach identity formation.

His model is based on two core dimensions. Exploration requires adolescents to examine various career options and personal values, while commitment involves deciding a specific identity path and investing personally in it.

Marcia's model outlines four identity statuses.

Firstly, adolescents in identity diffusion status neither explore nor commit to a particular identity, often feeling uncertain and overwhelmed by unresolved questions, such as "Who am I?"

Adolescents in identity moratorium status actively explore different roles, such as eagerly exploring different internships to experience various careers, but they do not commit to a specific identity.

Identity foreclosure status describes adolescents who commit to an identity without exploration, such as a student choosing a career in law simply because family members are lawyers, without considering alternatives, frequently adopting roles set by others.

Finally, adolescents with identity achievement status reach a sense of clarity and purpose after exploring options and making a commitment that gives their lives purpose.