Controlled Pollination
Controlled Pollination - Related Videos
02:40
Pollination and Flower Structure
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2020
Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs. Flowers must be pollinated to produce seeds. In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of the stamen (the male structure) to the stigma of the carpel (the female structure). Flowers may be self-pollinated or cross-pollinated.
07:19
Field Experiments of Pollination Ecology: The Case of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea
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Cited by 1 •
2016
To reveal the pollinator effectiveness of a given plant species, multiple methods of field experiments have been developed. This study demonstrates the basic methods of field experiments for pollination ecology using the case study of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea and the novel pollination mechanism, breaking-bud pollination.
07:03
Establishing Pollination Requirements in Japanese Plum by Phenological Monitoring, Hand Pollinations, Fluorescence Microscopy and Molecular Genotyping
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Cited by 6 •
2020
A methodology for the determination of pollination requirements in Japanese plum-type hybrids is described, which combines field- and laboratory-pollinations and observations of pollen tubes under the fluorescence microscopy with the identification of S-genotypes by PCR and the monitoring of flowering for the selection of pollinizers.
08:08
Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
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Cited by 3 •
2020
We present a methodology to establish the pollination requirements of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars combining the determination of self-(in)compatibility by fluorescence microscopy with the identification of the S-genotype by PCR analysis.
07:12
Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses
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2023
This protocol provides a rapid method for determining pollen compatibility and incompatibility in citrus cultivars.
FAQs
These safeguards keep unwanted pollen from reaching the flower, so the resulting cross reflects the selected parents rather than an unknown pollen source. Isolation separates flowers, bagging physically limits exposure, and removing anthers eliminates the flower’s own pollen contribution. Together, they improve confidence that observed offspring traits can be linked to the intended parental combination.
Receptive stigmas are the floral structures designated to receive donor pollen in the cross. Applying pollen at that stage connects the selected donor contribution with the intended flower, allowing researchers to examine how parental traits appear in offspring. This condition supports meaningful analysis of inheritance rather than interpretation based on an uncontrolled pollen mixture.
Compared with uncontrolled pollination, the controlled approach provides clearer parentage because unwanted pollen is excluded and the donor is identified. That distinction matters when researchers interpret offspring traits, investigate inheritance, or study mating systems. Without those controls, traits in the resulting seeds could not be assigned as confidently to the selected parental cross.
A basic workflow begins by isolating or bagging the flower, or removing its anthers; next, researchers place pollen from the chosen donor on a receptive stigma. They then label the cross and monitor it. These records connect the treated flower and its later seeds to the intended parental combination.
After the cross, resulting seeds provide material for evaluating hybrid performance. Researchers can compare the offspring with the intended parental combination to assess whether useful traits were brought together. Those results can guide subsequent breeding, making seed evaluation an important step after the initial pollination.
Within biology, controlled pollination supports investigations of plant reproduction, inheritance, and mating systems. Breeding programs apply it to combine yield, disease resistance, and environmental tolerance. Its value extends beyond producing seeds: the offspring provide material for comparing parental contributions and selecting crosses for further work.