In Vivo Conditions
In Vivo Conditions - Related Videos
10:24
In Vitro and In Vivo Model to Study Bacterial Adhesion to the Vessel Wall Under Flow Conditions
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Cited by 13 •
2015
To study the interaction of bacteria with the blood vessels under shear stress, a flow chamber and an in vivo mesenteric intravital microscopy model are described that allow to dissect the bacterial and host factors contributing to vascular adhesion.
09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
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Cited by 36 •
2015
Ex vivo ERG can be used to record electrical activity of retinal cells directly from isolated intact retinas of animals or humans. We demonstrate here how common in vivo ERG systems can be adapted for ex vivo ERG recordings in order to dissect the electrical activity of retinal cells.
06:46
Fear Conditioning
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2023
Fear Conditioning is a type of learning in which an association is established between a negative unpleasant event and a harmless stimulus. This leads to a fear of the harmless stimulus. This process is largely mediated by the amygdala, which is a brain region involved in emotions and stress reactions. Fear conditioning can be utilized in several ways to understand different aspects of learning and memory. This video presents an overview of the principles behind fear conditioning, discusses the...
04:17
Ex Vivo Placental Explant Flow Culture - Mimicking the Dynamic Conditions In Utero
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Cited by 2 •
2023
Here is a protocol for culturing placental explants under constant flow conditions. This approach enhances traditional static villous culture systems by enabling the replication of dynamic physiological environments.
06:41
Optimizing the Setup and Conditions for Ex Vivo Electroretinogram to Study Retina Function in Small and Large Eyes
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Cited by 6 •
2022
Modification of existing multielectrode array or patch clamp equipment makes the ex vivo electroretinogram more widely accessible. Improved methods to record and maintain ex vivo light responses facilitate the study of photoreceptor and ON-bipolar cell function in the healthy retina, animal models of eye diseases, and human donor retinas.
FAQs
Homeostasis keeps internal factors such as temperature, pH, and oxygen levels within the organism’s functional environment. This stability allows researchers to examine biological processes under conditions that include ongoing regulation rather than isolated control of a single variable. Changes in an outcome can therefore reflect interactions between the process and the organism’s regulatory systems.
These interactions can modify biological responses in ways that are absent from simpler laboratory models. Signals exchanged among cells and organs, together with circulating factors, contribute to the native context in which development, disease mechanisms, or drug responses occur. Consequently, findings may reveal system-level effects that controlled models do not capture.
In vitro systems offer controlled laboratory environments, whereas in vivo conditions retain interactions across cells, tissues, organs, and regulatory signals. The comparison helps researchers distinguish effects that arise in an isolated model from those that depend on whole-organism context. Using both approaches can support interpretation of biological relevance and model limitations.
Researchers should account for physical and chemical factors that shape the organism’s internal environment, including temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and homeostasis. They also need to consider the biological interactions occurring across cells, tissues, and organs. Careful control and interpretation help connect observed responses to the process under investigation rather than to unrecognized environmental variation.
They are especially useful when the research question depends on interactions maintained across an organism. Applications described for this approach include examining development, disease mechanisms, drug responses, and physiological function. The resulting observations can show how a biological process behaves within its native context, supporting comparisons with more controlled laboratory models.
The comparison can indicate which observations remain consistent across experimental contexts and which depend on whole-organism complexity. In vivo findings may improve biological relevance, while controlled models can help isolate particular factors. Interpreting the two together gives researchers a stronger basis for assessing mechanisms, responses, and the limitations of each experimental system.