Urethral Sphincter Control
Urethral Sphincter Control - Related Videos
03:25
Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
0 Views •
Cited by 2 •
2022
Here we describe the application of transcorporal artificial urethral sphincter (AUS) placement in a case requiring revision of an artificial urinary sphincter for urethral atrophy.
10:07
Cystometric and External Urethral Sphincter Measurements in Awake Rats with Implanted Catheter and Electrodes Allowing for Repeated Measurements
0 Views •
Cited by 10 •
2018
This protocol first describes the surgical procedure of the permanent implantation of a urinary bladder catheter combined with external urethral sphincter electrodes, and second, the measurement of the function of the urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter in implanted awake animals.
05:09
Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model
0 Views •
Cited by 3 •
2023
In the present protocol, a urethral stricture induction was developed in Wistar rats, followed by urethral reconstruction with a buccal mucosa graft. A retrograde urethrogram and laser Doppler assessment were performed, validating urethral reconstruction (after stricture formation) and graft placement.
07:42
Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction (NeMO) in Female Small Rodents
0 Views •
Cited by 7 •
2017
Traditional modeling of partial bladder outlet obstruction in rodents is fraught with animal mortality. A denervation injury from dissection around the proximal urethra and bladder neck is also of major concern. We developed and evaluated a safe and reliable mid-urethral obstruction model, avoiding the shortcomings of the traditional model.
01:21
Control System Problem
0 Views •
2024
In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function. When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
FAQs
During bladder filling, autonomic pathways promote contraction of the urethral sphincters, helping maintain urine storage. The external sphincter and pelvic floor add voluntary control, allowing a person to influence continence rather than relying only on automatic regulation. This layered control is important because storage depends on coordinated activity across involuntary and voluntary components.
The two sphincters contribute to continence through coordinated, rather than identical, control. Autonomic activity supports sphincter contraction during storage, while the external sphincter can be controlled voluntarily and works with the pelvic floor. Their combined activity gives the nervous system both automatic regulation and conscious influence over urine retention.
Voiding begins when nervous-system signals shift the coordinated activity of the urinary muscles. Sphincter relaxation occurs as bladder contraction increases, changing the system from retaining urine to releasing it. This transition demonstrates that micturition depends on timing between bladder activity and urethral outlet relaxation, rather than on either process acting alone.
Problems can arise when coordination between bladder contraction, sphincter relaxation, and voluntary pelvic-floor control is disturbed. Depending on the pattern of disruption, the result may include urinary incontinence, urinary retention, or neurogenic bladder. These conditions make sphincter coordination a useful framework for examining how altered nervous or pelvic-floor function affects continence.
Researchers examine the coordination of sphincter activity, bladder contraction, autonomic pathways, the external sphincter, and the pelvic floor. This approach helps characterize normal micturition and investigate changes associated with nerve injury or pelvic-floor dysfunction. The same biological framework can guide research into treatments intended to restore continence.
Nerve injury can be studied through its effects on the signals that coordinate storage and voiding. Examining whether sphincter contraction, voluntary control, relaxation, or bladder contraction is disrupted helps connect nervous-system damage with urinary symptoms. This information supports biological research on neurogenic bladder and on strategies for improving continence after impaired neural control.