Intraoperative Navigation
Intraoperative Navigation - Related Videos
10:31
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Cited by 12 •
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In early gastric cancer, the aim of surgery is to precisely remove the distal stomach including the primary tumor. To do this, accurate localization of the tumor is crucial, especially in totally laparoscopic surgery. This protocol describes a procedure for intraoperative gastroscopy in totally laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy.
05:19
Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
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Cited by 1 •
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Children who have complex communication needs can benefit from the use of a speech-generating device (SGD). Cognitive skills were identified as having an impact on the ability to navigate between levels of SGDs. This protocol describes the steps needed for Speech-language Pathologists to assess cognitive skills and navigational abilities.
08:34
Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF
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Cited by 1 •
2025
This study presents a standardized, fully navigated 3D CT O-Arm-guided workflow for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF), aiming to improve workflow, surgical accuracy, and efficiency with full utility of 3D navigation in maximum steps.
05:53
Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
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2022
Here, we present a protocol on the use of intraoperative ultrasound in spinal surgery, particularly in cases of intradural lesions and lesions in the ventral spinal canal when using a posterior approach.
10:27
A Standardized Protocol for Functional Motor Mapping Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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2026
Here, we describe a standardized protocol for motor mapping using nTMS combined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based reconstruction of the corticospinal tract (CST). The protocol is reproducible, clinically feasible, and readily integrable into routine clinical workflows, providing a robust and valuable framework for motor pathway assessment, neuroplasticity research, and rehabilitation planning.
FAQs
Registration creates the link between the patient’s actual position and the corresponding CT or MRI data. Once those image coordinates are aligned with the operative setting, the navigation display can show where a tracked instrument tip lies relative to anatomical structures. This connection turns preoperative or intraoperative imaging into positional guidance that surgeons can use for orientation and trajectory planning.
Optical and electromagnetic tracking provide the positional data needed to follow surgical instruments during the operation. The source material identifies both as ways to track instruments, while the navigation display uses that information to place the instrument tip relative to anatomy. This live positional relationship helps connect the surgeon’s physical actions with the selected CT or MRI representation.
It is most valuable when important anatomy is difficult to see or localize directly. By combining registered images with the tracked position of an instrument, the system improves orientation around structures that may be concealed or spatially complex. That support can help surgeons pursue precise trajectories, preserve tissue, and make more consistent decisions during procedures where positional accuracy is important.
A typical workflow begins with CT or MRI obtained before surgery, or with imaging acquired during the operation. Those images are registered to the patient’s position, after which optical or electromagnetic tracking supplies instrument-location data. The system then displays the instrument tip against the anatomical images, allowing the surgeon to relate the operative plan to live positional information.
In medicine, the approach is used in neurosurgery, spinal surgery, orthopedics, and otolaryngology. These fields can involve complex anatomy, concealed structures, or a need for precise instrument trajectories and tissue preservation. Navigation provides a shared link between the relevant images and the operative field, supporting orientation and decision-making across these different surgical settings.
It provides real-time information about an instrument tip’s position relative to anatomical structures represented in the registered images. That information can improve intraoperative orientation and connect surgical planning with what is happening in the operative field. The resulting guidance supports more accurate, consistent decision-making, particularly when surgeons must balance a planned trajectory with the goal of preserving tissue.