Criminal Cases
Criminal Cases - Related Videos
12:37
Electrode Fabrication and Implantation in Aplysia californica for Multi-channel Neural and Muscular Recordings in Intact, Freely Behaving Animals
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Cited by 19 •
2010
A technique is described for implanting four in vivo electrodes to monitor the neuromuscular control of feeding behavior in Aplysia californica.
07:33
In vivo Dual Substrate Bioluminescent Imaging
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Cited by 20 •
2011
Herein we describe the methods to construct, visualize, and quantify the bioluminescent reactions of both firefly and renilla luciferase enzymes expressed in metastatic breast cancer cells during their growth and metastasis in vivo.
06:09
Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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Cited by 13 •
2017
This manuscript describes a rat surgical model of pyelonephritis using direct intra-renal infection by Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis. The experimental procedure can be utilized to study the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis as well as the associated inflammation and fibrosis.
05:38
A Minimally Invasive Lesion Technique for Muscles Intrinsic to the Odontophore of Aplysia californica
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2019
Here we present a protocol for minimally invasive surgical lesioning of muscles intrinsic to the feeding apparatus of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica to understand the roles of these muscles during feeding behavior.
13:37
Extracellularly Identifying Motor Neurons for a Muscle Motor Pool in Aplysia californica
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Cited by 23 •
2013
In animals with large identified neurons (e.g. mollusks), analysis of motor pools is done using intracellular techniques1,2,3,4. Recently, we developed a technique to extracellularly stimulate and record individual neurons in Aplysia californica5. We now describe a protocol for using this technique to uniquely identify and characterize motor neurons within a motor pool.
FAQs
Psychological science examines how memory and perception may affect what a witness notices, remembers, and reports. Researchers and evaluators use these processes to interpret eyewitness testimony rather than treating a statement as automatically reliable. This approach gives courts a basis for considering psychological factors that may strengthen or limit the evidentiary value of testimony.
Assessment of mental state helps address questions about a person's psychological condition in relation to legal responsibility. Psychologists examine relevant behavior and decision-making through structured evaluation, while the court determines the legal significance. Separating psychological findings from legal conclusions helps prevent psychological observations from being treated as automatic proof of responsibility or lack of responsibility.
Psychology can examine how people process information and make judgments during jury decision-making, including the role of perception and decision-making processes. Such analysis provides context for understanding how evidence may be interpreted, but it does not replace the jury's legal role or determine the verdict. The value lies in identifying factors that may influence reasoning.
An evaluation may begin with a structured interview, followed by behavioral assessment and interpretation of findings through research-based psychological knowledge. The evaluator then relates observations to issues such as testimony, competency, risk, or mental state. This organized process supports clearer communication of psychological evidence and helps distinguish documented observations from broader conclusions.
These assessments are relevant when competency or risk becomes an issue in a case. Psychologists organize information through structured interviews, behavioral assessment, and research-based evaluations, then present findings for legal consideration. The assessments can add psychological context to decisions about the case, but they do not replace the court's responsibility to interpret evidence and apply the law.
Psychological findings can illuminate memory, perception, motivation, decision-making, behavior, or mental state, but they do not provide a complete account of what occurred. Their value depends on careful assessment and appropriate interpretation of research-based evidence. Recognizing these limits helps courts use psychological perspectives to inform legal reasoning without treating them as definitive answers to every legal question.