induction-protein-deletion-through-utero-electroporation-to-define

Induction of Protein Deletion Through <em>In Utero</em> Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models

Genetic deletion using the Cre-Lox system in transgenic mouse lines is a powerful tool used to study protein function. However, except in very specific ...

University of Ottawa

Hypertension is a systemic disorder affecting numerous physiological processes throughout the body. As non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder (NAFLD) is a common comorbidity of hypertension in humans, we hypothesized that molecular hepatic physiology would be altered in a model of genetic hypertension. Despite the broad use of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, little is known regarding how hypertension influences hepatic function under basal conditions. In order to determine whether hypertension induces changes in the hepatic protein expression suggestive of early stages of NAFLD, we compared the whole tissue proteome of livers from SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) 16 week old rats using 2DGE and MALDI-TOF MS. Fifteen proteins were identified that display different levels of expression between the SHR and WKY livers: 50% of proteins have mitochondrial or anti-oxidant functions while 20% are involved in lipid metabolism. Quininoid dihydropterin reductase, sulfite oxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase mu 1 were all identified as either undergoing a difference in post-translation modification or a difference in protein abundance in SHR compared to WKY livers. As oxidative stress is a well described component of both NAFLD and hypertension in SHR, the identification of novel changes in protein expression provides possible mechanisms connecting these two pathologies in humans.

Changes in hepatic protein expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats suggest early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

The mechanisms through which cell-cycle control and cell-fate decisions are coordinated in proliferating stem cell populations are largely unknown. Here, we show that E2f3 isoforms, which control cell-cycle progression in cooperation with the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), have critical effects during developmental and adult neurogenesis. Loss of either E2f3 isoform disrupts Sox2 gene regulation and the balance between precursor maintenance and differentiation in the developing cortex. Both isoforms target the Sox2 locus to maintain baseline levels of Sox2 expression but antagonistically regulate Sox2 levels to instruct fate choices. E2f3-mediated regulation of Sox2 and precursor cell fate extends to the adult brain, where E2f3a loss results in defects in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory formation. Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which E2f3a and E2f3b differentially regulate Sox2 dosage in neural precursors, a finding that may have broad implications for the regulation of diverse stem cell populations.

Article	Year
Changes in hepatic protein expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats suggest early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of proteomics\| PubMed ID: 22240297	2012
Opposing regulation of Sox2 by cell-cycle effectors E2f3a and E2f3b in neural stem cells. Cell stem cell\| PubMed ID: 23499385	2013

Devon S. Svoboda

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