tracking-mammary-architectural-features-detecting-breast-cancer-with

Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer among women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer has a critical role in improving the quality of ...

Weizmann Institute of Science

Parametric analysis of breast MRI provides unique mapping of pathophysiological characteristics that cannot be obtained by standard conventional MRI. We describe in this review methods based on intrinsic contrast and tissue elasticity as well as methods that use external paramagnetic contrast agents and follow the time evolution of contrast. Processing of the raw data, frequently with new mathematical models and algorithms, yielded calculated parametric images that may help improve the noninvasive detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.

Parametric analysis of breast MRI.

We performed a prospective clinical test of a high-spatial-resolution model-based parametric method for diagnosis of breast lesions detected on contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

Clinical testing of high-spatial-resolution parametric contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast.

Angiogenic activity and formation of a vascular network facilitate tumor perfusion and play a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor vasculature may be visualized by means of parametric imaging of specific morphological and physiological characteristics that collectively describe its properties. In this review, we describe advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that have been developed in order to image and quantify the distribution of tumor vasculature throughout the tumor and characterize its function. These techniques have been used to monitor changes in the magnetic resonance signal intensity of tissue water hydrogens generated by intrinsic effects, as well as by exogenous contrast agents administered into the blood circulation. We further describe specific applications of magnetic resonance imaging using a contrast agent, gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (GdDTPA), which has long been approved for clinical use. Examples include studies of the vascular properties of breast cancer tumors and metastases in animal models, as well as of breast cancer vasculature in patients. We also discuss the use of MRI to improve breast cancer diagnosis in humans by quantifying the permeability of the tumor vasculature. By maximizing the spatial resolution of the images in both animal and human studies, the capacity of magnetic resonance imaging to enhance our understanding of the processes regulating tumor angiogenesis, and improve the diagnosis of cancer, could be clearly demonstrated.

Magnetic resonance imaging of tumor vasculature.

Tumor perfusion through the microvascular network can be imaged noninvasively by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). The objective of the current study was to quantify the microvascular perfusion parameters in various human breast lesions and to determine whether they varied between benign lesions and malignancy and whether they were altered with increased invasiveness.

Magnetic resonance imaging reveals functional diversity of the vasculature in benign and malignant breast lesions.

&#x80BA;&#x764C;&#x662F;&#x764C;&#x75C7;&#x6B7B;&#x4EA1;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3002;&#x65E9;&#x671F;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x548C;&#x8BCA;&#x65AD;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x5728;&#x52AA;&#x529B;&#x6539;&#x5584;&#x80BA;&#x764C;&#x60A3;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x5B58;&#x6D3B;&#x7387;&#x3002;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x6D3B;&#x6027;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x53CA;&#x5FAE;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x704C;&#x6CE8;&#x5728;&#x764C;&#x75C7;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#x7684;&#x6076;&#x6027;&#x80BF;&#x7624;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x9879;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x78C1;&#x5171;&#x632F;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x624B;&#x6BB5;&#x6765;&#x8861;&#x91CF;&#x539F;&#x4F4D;&#x975E;&#x5C0F;&#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x80BA;&#x764C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5927;&#x9F20;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5FAE;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x704C;&#x6CE8;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x89E3;&#x5256;&#x548C;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x5EA6;&#x589E;&#x5F3A;&#x80BA;&#x90E8;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x9AD8;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x7387;&#x548C;&#x6CE8;&#x518C;&#x5E76;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#xFF0C;&#x6309;&#x50CF;&#x7D20;&#x548C;&#x5168;&#x7403;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x5185;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x78C1;&#x5171;&#x632F;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x989C;&#x8272;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x6D8C;&#x5165;&#x548C;&#x5916;&#x6392;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;&#x8F6C;&#x79FB;&#x5E38;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x5FAE;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x704C;&#x6CE8;&#x3002;&#x8F6C;&#x8BA9;&#x5E38;&#x91CF;&#x90FD;&#x6BD4;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x88AB;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x80BF;&#x7624;&#x6216; nonorthotopic &#x80BA;&#x764C;&#x3001; 0.42 min(-1) &#x4E2D;&#x4F4D;&#x6570;&#x4E0D;&#x65AD;&#x6D8C;&#x5165;&#x4EF7;&#x503C;&#x4E0E; 1.61 min(-1) &#x7684;&#x5C04;&#x6D41;&#x5E38;&#x91CF;&#x4E2D;&#x4F4D;&#x6570;&#x503C;&#x9AD8;&#x51FA;&#x7EA6; 1 &#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x7EA7;&#x3002;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x7684;&#x704C;&#x6CE8;&#x662F;&#x7B26;&#x5408;&#x86CB;&#x767D;&#x514D;&#x75AB;&#x67D3;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x6BDB;&#x7EC6;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x9F7F;&#x69FD;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x80BF;&#x7624;&#x5265;&#x524A;&#x3002;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x9AD8;&#x5206;&#x8FA8;&#x7387;&#xFF0C;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x3001; &#x9020;&#x5F71; MRI &#x662F;&#x80BA;&#x80BF;&#x7624;&#x704C;&#x6CE8;&#x548C;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x7A7A;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x5B9A;&#x91CF;&#x6D4B;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x3002;

&#x4EBA;&#x7C7B;&#x80BA;&#x764C;&#x7684;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x5BF9;&#x6BD4;&#x589E;&#x5F3A;&#x78C1;&#x5171;&#x632F;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x9F20;&#x539F;&#x4F4D;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x704C;&#x6CE8;&#x3002;

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancers. Early detection and diagnosis present a major goal in the efforts to improve survival rates of lung cancer patients. Changes in angiogenic activity and microvascular perfusion properties in cancers can serve as markers of malignancy. The aim of this study was to employ MRI means to measure the microvascular perfusion parameters of orthotopic nonsmall cell lung cancer, using the experimental rat model. Anatomical and dynamic contrast-enhanced lung images were acquired at high spatial resolution, and registered and analyzed, pixel by pixel and globally, by means of a model-based algorithm. The MRI output yielded color-coded parametric images of the influx and efflux transcapillary transfer constants that indicated rapid microvascular perfusion. The transfer constants were about 1 order of magnitude higher than those found in other tumors or in nonorthotopic lung cancer, with the influx constant median value of 0.42 min(-1) and the efflux constant median value of 1.61 min(-1). The rapid perfusion was in accord with the immunostaining of the capillaries, which suggested the tumor exploitation of the existing alveolar vessels. The results showed that high resolution, dynamic, contrast-enhanced MRI is an effective tool for the quantitative measurement of spatial and temporal changes in lung cancer perfusion and vasculature.

Vascular perfusion of human lung cancer in a rat orthotopic model using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Cancer du poumon est la principale cause de d&eacute;c&egrave;s parmi les cancers. Diagnostic et d&eacute;tection pr&eacute;coce pr&eacute;sentent un objectif majeur dans les efforts pour am&eacute;liorer les taux de survie des patients atteints de cancer du poumon. Changements dans l&#39;activit&eacute; angiog&eacute;nique et propri&eacute;t&eacute;s microvasculaire perfusion dans les cancers peuvent servir de marqueurs de tumeur maligne. Le but de cette &eacute;tude consistait &agrave; employer des moyens de MRI pour mesurer les param&egrave;tres de perfusion microvasculaires du cancer des cellules non orthotopique, en utilisant le mod&egrave;le exp&eacute;rimental de rat. Images anatomiques et dynamique contraste accentu&eacute; du poumon ont &eacute;t&eacute; acquis &agrave; haute r&eacute;solution spatiale et enregistr&eacute;s et analys&eacute;s, pixel par pixel et dans le monde, au moyen d&#39;un algorithme de mod&egrave;le. La sortie de MRI transmise &agrave; code de couleurs des images param&eacute;triques de l&#39;influx et l&#39;efflux transcapillaire constantes de transfert qui indiquent la perfusion rapide microvasculaire. Les constantes de transfert &eacute;taient environ un ordre de grandeur plus &eacute;lev&eacute; que ceux trouv&eacute;s dans d&#39;autres tumeurs dans le cancer du poumon nonorthotopic, avec la valeur m&eacute;diane constant afflux de 0,42 min(-1) et la valeur m&eacute;diane constante de l&#39;efflux de 1,61 min(-1). La perfusion rapide &eacute;tait d&#39;accord avec l&#39;immunomarquage des capillaires, qui a propos&eacute; l&#39;exploitation de la tumeur des vaisseaux alv&eacute;olaires existants. Les r&eacute;sultats ont montr&eacute; que haute r&eacute;solution, dynamique, renforcement du contraste de l&#39;IRM est un outil efficace pour faire des mesures quantitatives des changements spatiaux et temporels dans la perfusion de cancer du poumon et le syst&egrave;me vasculaire.

Perfusion vasculaire du cancer de poumon humain dans un mod&egrave;le de rat orthotopique renforcement du contraste dynamique imagerie par r&eacute;sonance magn&eacute;tique.

Lungenkrebs ist die h&auml;ufigste Todesursache bei Krebserkrankungen. Fr&uuml;herkennung und Diagnose stellen ein wesentliches Ziel in die Bem&uuml;hungen zur Verbesserung der &Uuml;berlebensraten von Patienten mit Lungenkrebs. &Auml;nderungen bei Aktivit&auml;ten der Angiogenese und mikrovaskul&auml;re Perfusion Eigenschaften Krebsarten k&ouml;nnen als Marker Hyperkalz&auml;mie dienen. Ziel dieser Studie war, MRI-Mittel, um die mikrovaskul&auml;re Perfusion-Parameter von Orthotopic squam&ouml;sen Lungenkrebs, mit dem experimentellen Rattenmodell messen zu besch&auml;ftigen. Anatomische und dynamischen Kontrast-verst&auml;rkte Lunge Bilder bei hoher r&auml;umlicher Aufl&ouml;sung, erworben und registriert und analysiert, Pixel f&uuml;r Pixel und der ganzen Welt mittels einer Modell-basierten Algorithmus. Die MRI-Ausgabe ergab farbcodierte parametrische Bilder von den Zustrom und Efflux-Transcapillary Transfer-Konstanten, die schnelle mikrovaskul&auml;re Perfusion angegeben. Die Transfer-Konstanten waren etwa 1 Gr&ouml;&szlig;enordnung h&ouml;her als jene in anderen Tumoren oder Nonorthotopic Lungenkrebs, mit den Zustrom Konstante Median 0,42 min(-1) und den Efflux Konstante Median 1.61 min(-1). Die schnelle Perfusion wurde in &Uuml;bereinstimmung mit den Paraffinschnitten die Kapillaren, die die Tumor-Nutzung der vorhandenen alveol&auml;ren Schiffe vorgeschlagen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass hohen Aufl&ouml;sung, dynamisch, Kontrast-verst&auml;rkte MRI ist ein wirksames Instrument zur quantitativen Messung der r&auml;umlichen und zeitlichen Ver&auml;nderungen in der Lunge-Krebs-Perfusion und Gef&auml;&szlig;system.

Vaskul&auml;re Perfusion von menschlichen Lungenkrebs in einem Rattenmodell Orthotopic mit dynamischen Kontrast-verst&auml;rkte Magnetresonanz-Bildgebung.

Il cancro del polmone &egrave; la principale causa di morte tra i tumori. La diagnosi e la diagnosi precoce presentano un obiettivo importante negli sforzi per migliorare i tassi di sopravvivenza dei pazienti con cancro del polmone. Cambiamenti nell&#39;attivit&agrave; angiogenica e propriet&agrave; di perfusione microvascolare in tumori pu&ograve; servire come indicatori di malignit&agrave;. Lo scopo di questo studio era di impiegare mezzi di MRI per misurare i parametri di perfusione microvascolare del ortotopico polmonare non a piccole cellule del polmone, utilizzando il modello sperimentale di ratto. Immagini anatomiche e dinamico contrasto migliorato del polmone sono state acquisite ad alta risoluzione spaziale e registrati e analizzati, pixel per pixel e a livello globale, mediante un algoritmo basato su modello. L&#39;output di MRI ha reso color-coded immagini parametriche dell&#39;afflusso e l&#39;efflusso transcapillary costanti di trasferimento che indicato rapida perfusione microvascolare. Le costanti di trasferimento sono stati circa 1 ordine di grandezza superiore a quelli trovati in altri tumori o nonorthotopic del polmone, con il valore mediano costante afflusso di 0.42 min(-1) e il valore mediano di efflusso costante di 1,61 min(-1). La perfusione rapida era in accordo con l&#39;immunocolorazione dei capillari, che ha suggerito lo sfruttamento di tumore dei vasi alveolari esistenti. I risultati hanno mostrato che ad alta risoluzione, che RM dinamica, contrasto-enhanced &egrave; un efficace strumento per la misurazione quantitativa delle variazioni spaziali e temporali della perfusione di cancro ai polmoni e sistema vascolare.

Perfusione vascolare del polmone umano in un modello di ratto ortotopico utilizzando dinamica contrasto-enhanced risonanza magnetica.

&#x80BA;&#x304C;&#x3093;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x304C;&#x3093;&#x306E;&#x4E2D;&#x3067;&#x6B7B;&#x306E;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x65E9;&#x671F;&#x767A;&#x898B;&#x3068;&#x8A3A;&#x65AD;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x76EE;&#x6A19;&#x306F;&#x80BA;&#x764C;&#x60A3;&#x8005;&#x306E;&#x751F;&#x5B58;&#x7387;&#x3092;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#x3055;&#x305B;&#x308B;&#x52AA;&#x529B;&#x3067;&#x63D0;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x6D3B;&#x6027;&#x306E;&#x5909;&#x5316;&#x3068;&#x5FAE;&#x5C0F;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x306E;&#x6F45;&#x6D41;&#x30D7;&#x30ED;&#x30D1;&#x30C6;&#x30A3;&#x304C;&#x3093;&#x306E;&#x60AA;&#x6027;&#x816B;&#x760D;&#x306E;&#x30DE;&#x30FC;&#x30AB;&#x30FC;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x304C;&#x5F79;&#x7ACB;&#x3064;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x306E;&#x540C;&#x6240;&#x6027;&#x540C;&#x7A2E;&#x975E;&#x5C0F;&#x578B;&#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x80BA;&#x30AC;&#x30F3;&#x3001;&#x30E9;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x5B9F;&#x9A13;&#x30E2;&#x30C7;&#x30EB;&#x3092;&#x7528;&#x3044;&#x305F;&#x5FAE;&#x5C0F;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x704C;&#x6D41;&#x30D1;&#x30E9;&#x30E1;&#x30FC;&#x30BF;&#x30FC;&#x3092;&#x6E2C;&#x5B9A;&#x3059;&#x308B; MRI &#x624B;&#x6BB5;&#x3092;&#x63A1;&#x7528;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x9020;&#x5F71;&#x80BA;&#x306E;&#x89E3;&#x5256;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x52D5;&#x7684;&#x753B;&#x50CF;&#x304C;&#x9AD8;&#x7A7A;&#x9593;&#x89E3;&#x50CF;&#x5EA6;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x8CB7;&#x53CE;&#x3057;&#x767B;&#x9332;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3001;&#x30D4;&#x30AF;&#x30BB;&#x30EB;&#x5358;&#x4F4D;&#x3067;&#x3001;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x7684;&#x306B;&#x3001;&#x30E2;&#x30C7;&#x30EB;&#x306B;&#x57FA;&#x3065;&#x304F;&#x30A2;&#x30EB;&#x30B4;&#x30EA;&#x30BA;&#x30E0;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308A;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;MRI &#x51FA;&#x529B; hdra &#x6F0F;&#x51FA;&#x306E;&#x8272;&#x5206;&#x3051;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x30D1;&#x30E9;&#x30E1;&#x30C8;&#x30EA;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x753B;&#x50CF;&#x6025;&#x901F;&#x306A;&#x5FAE;&#x5C0F;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x704C;&#x6D41;&#x793A;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x8EE2;&#x9001;&#x5B9A;&#x6570;&#x304C;&#x5F97;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x8EE2;&#x9001;&#x5B9A;&#x6570;&#x304C;&#x898B;&#x3064;&#x304B;&#x308A;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x4ED6;&#x306E;&#x816B;&#x760D;&#x3084; nonorthotopic &#x80BA;&#x764C; 0.42 min(-1) &#x306E;&#x6D41;&#x5165;&#x306E;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x306E;&#x4E2D;&#x592E;&#x5024;&#x3068; 1.61 min(-1) &#x306E;&#x30D5;&#x30E9;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x306E;&#x4E2D;&#x592E;&#x5024;&#x306B;&#x6BD4;&#x3079;&#x3066;&#x7D04; 1 &#x6841;&#x3060;&#x3063;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x6025;&#x901F;&#x306A;&#x704C;&#x6D41;&#x306F;&#x65E2;&#x5B58;&#x306E;&#x80BA;&#x80DE;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x306E;&#x816B;&#x760D;&#x643E;&#x53D6;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x5506;&#x6BDB;&#x7D30;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x306E;&#x514D;&#x75AB;&#x67D3;&#x8272;&#x3068;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x3060;&#x3063;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x7D50;&#x679C;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x52D5;&#x7684;&#x3001;&#x9020;&#x5F71; MRI &#x80BA;&#x304C;&#x3093;&#x8840;&#x6D41;&#x3068;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x7CFB;&#x306E;&#x6642;&#x7A7A;&#x9593;&#x5909;&#x5316;&#x306E;&#x5B9A;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x6E2C;&#x5B9A;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x52B9;&#x679C;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x30C4;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3001;&#x305D;&#x306E;&#x9AD8;&#x89E3;&#x50CF;&#x5EA6;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;

&#x30C0;&#x30A4;&#x30CA;&#x30DF;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x9020;&#x5F71; mri &#x3092;&#x7528;&#x3044;&#x305F;&#x30E9;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x5B9F;&#x9A13;&#x30E2;&#x30C7;&#x30EB;&#x306B;&#x304A;&#x3051;&#x308B;&#x3072;&#x3068;&#x80BA;&#x764C;&#x306E;&#x8840;&#x7BA1;&#x306E;&#x8840;&#x6D41;&#x3002;

&#xD3D0;&#xC554;&#xC740; &#xC554; &#xC911;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xB9DD;&#xC758; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xC6D0;&#xC778;. &#xC870;&#xAE30; &#xBC1C;&#xACAC; &#xBC0F; &#xC9C4;&#xB2E8; &#xD3D0; &#xC554; &#xD658;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xC0DD;&#xC874; &#xC728;&#xC744; &#xAC1C;&#xC120; &#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574; &#xB178;&#xB825;&#xC5D0; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xBAA9;&#xD45C;&#xB97C; &#xC81C;&#xC2DC;. Angiogenic &#xD65C;&#xB3D9; &#xBCC0;&#xD654;&#xC640; &#xC554; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; microvascular &#xAD00;&#xB958; &#xC18D;&#xC131; &#xAC15;&#xD55C; &#xC545;&#xC758;&#xC758; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xAC00; &#xB420; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C;&#xC758; &#xBAA9;&#xD45C;&#xB294; orthotopic nonsmall &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xD3D0;&#xC554;, &#xC2E4;&#xD5D8; &#xC950; &#xBAA8;&#xB378;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; microvascular &#xAD00;&#xB958; &#xB9E4;&#xAC1C; &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xCE21;&#xC815; &#xD558;&#xB294; MRI &#xC218;&#xB2E8;&#xC744; &#xCC44;&#xC6A9; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xD574; &#xBD80; &#xBC0F; &#xB3D9;&#xC801; &#xB300;&#xBE44; &#xD5A5;&#xC0C1; &#xB41C; &#xD3D0; &#xC774;&#xBBF8;&#xC9C0; &#xB4F1;&#xB85D; &#xBC0F; &#xBD84;&#xC11D;, &#xD53D;&#xC140; &#xB2E8;&#xC704;&#xB85C; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xC138;&#xACC4;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C;, &#xBAA8;&#xB378;-&#xAE30;&#xBC18; &#xC54C;&#xACE0;&#xB9AC;&#xC998;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xB192;&#xC740; &#xACF5;&#xAC04; &#xD574;&#xC0C1;&#xB3C4; &#xC778;&#xC218; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. MRI &#xCD9C;&#xB825; &#xB098;&#xC654;&#xACE0; &#xC720;&#xC785; &#xBC0F; &#xACBD;&#xACFC; transcapillary&#xC758; &#xCEEC;&#xB7EC; &#xD30C;&#xB77C; &#xBA54; &#xD2B8;&#xB9AD; &#xC774;&#xBBF8;&#xC9C0; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAE09;&#xC18D; &#xD55C; microvascular &#xAD00;&#xB958; &#xC804;&#xC1A1; &#xC0C1;&#xC218;. &#xC804;&#xC1A1; &#xC0C1;&#xC218; &#xC57D; 1&#xC758; &#xCC28;&#xC218; &#xADF8; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xC885;&#xC591; &#xC774;&#xB098; &#xC911;&#xAC04; &#xAC12; 0.42 min(-1)&#xC758; &#xC9C0;&#xC18D;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC720;&#xC785; &#xBC0F; 1.61 min(-1)&#xC758; &#xACBD;&#xACFC; &#xC77C;&#xC815; &#xC911;&#xAC04; &#xAC12; nonorthotopic &#xD3D0;&#xC554; &#xBC1C;&#xACAC; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xAE09;&#xC18D; &#xD55C; &#xAD00;&#xB958; &#xAE30;&#xC874; &#xCE58;&#xACBD; &#xD608;&#xAD00; &#xC885;&#xC591; &#xCC29;&#xCDE8;&#xB97C; &#xC81C;&#xC548; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBAA8;&#xC138; &#xD608;&#xAD00;&#xC758; immunostaining&#xC5D0; &#xB530;&#xB77C; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xACB0;&#xACFC; &#xB3D9;&#xC801;, &#xB300;&#xBE44; &#xAC15;&#xD654; &#xB41C; MRI &#xD3D0; &#xC554; &#xAD00;&#xB958; &#xBC0F; &#xD608;&#xAD00;&#xC5D0; &#xACF5;&#xAC04; &#xBC0F; &#xC2DC;&#xAC04;&#xC801; &#xBCC0;&#xD654;&#xC758; &#xC815;&#xB7C9;&#xC801; &#xCE21;&#xC815;&#xC744; &#xC704;&#xD55C; &#xD6A8;&#xACFC;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xB3C4;&#xAD6C;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xADF8; &#xB192;&#xC740; &#xD574;&#xC0C1;&#xB3C4; &#xBCF4;&#xC5EC;&#xC8FC;&#xC5C8;&#xB2E4;.

&#xC950; orthotopic &#xBAA8;&#xB378; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xB3D9;&#xC801; &#xB300;&#xBE44; &#xD5A5;&#xC0C1; &#xB41C; &#xC790;&#xAE30; &#xACF5;&#xBA85; &#xC601;&#xC0C1;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC778;&#xAC04;&#xC758; &#xD3D0;&#xC554;&#xC758; &#xD608;&#xAD00; &#xAD00;&#xB958;.

C&aacute;ncer de pulm&oacute;n es la causa principal de muerte entre los c&aacute;nceres. Diagn&oacute;stico y detecci&oacute;n temprana presentan una meta importante en los esfuerzos para mejorar las tasas de supervivencia de pacientes con c&aacute;ncer de pulm&oacute;n. Cambios en la actividad angiog&eacute;nica y propiedades de perfusi&oacute;n microvascular en c&aacute;nceres pueden servir como marcadores de la malignidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue emplear medios de MRI para medir los par&aacute;metros de perfusi&oacute;n microvascular de c&aacute;ncer de pulm&oacute;n de c&eacute;lulas ortot&oacute;pico, utilizando el modelo experimental de rata. Im&aacute;genes pulm&oacute;n contraste anat&oacute;mica y din&aacute;mica adquiridas en alta resoluci&oacute;n espacial y registrados y analizados, p&iacute;xel por p&iacute;xel y todo el mundo, por medio de un algoritmo basado en el modelo. La salida de MRI rindieron color-coded im&aacute;genes param&eacute;tricas de la afluencia y la emanaci&oacute;n transcapilar constantes de transferencia que indicaron r&aacute;pida perfusi&oacute;n microvascular. Las constantes de transferencia eran aproximadamente 1 orden de magnitud superior a las que se encuentran en otros tumores o c&aacute;ncer de pulm&oacute;n de nonorthotopic, con el valor promedio constante afluencia de minuto 0.42 y el valor promedio constante emanaci&oacute;n de 1.61 minuto. La perfusi&oacute;n r&aacute;pida fue de acuerdo con la inmunotinci&oacute;n de los capilares, lo que sugiere la explotaci&oacute;n de tumor de los vasos alveolares existentes. Los resultados mostraron que la alta resoluci&oacute;n, din&aacute;mico, contraste MRI es una herramienta eficaz para la medici&oacute;n cuantitativa de los cambios espaciales y temporales en perfusi&oacute;n de c&aacute;ncer de pulm&oacute;n y de la vasculatura.

Perfusi&oacute;n vascular del c&aacute;ncer de pulm&oacute;n humano en un modelo ortot&oacute;pico de rata utilizando din&aacute;mica contraste resonancia magn&eacute;tica.

Tumor response to blood borne drugs is critically dependent on the efficiency of vascular delivery and transcapillary transfer. However, increased tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) forms a barrier to transcapillary transfer, leading to resistance to drug delivery. We present here a new, noninvasive method which estimates IFP and its spatial distribution in vivo using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This method was tested in ectopic human non-small-cell lung cancer which exhibited a high IFP of approximately 28 mm Hg and, for comparison, in orthotopic MCF7 human breast tumors which exhibited a lower IFP of approximately 14 mm Hg, both implanted in nude mice. The MRI protocol consisted of slow infusion of the contrast agent [gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (GdDTPA)] into the blood for approximately 2 hours, sequential acquisition of images before and during the infusion, and measurements of T1 relaxation rates before infusion and after blood and tumor GdDTPA concentration reached a steady state. Image analysis yielded parametric images of steady-state tissue GdDTPA concentration with high values of this concentration outside the tumor boundaries, approximately 1 mmol/L, declining in the tumor periphery to approximately 0.5 mmol/L, and then steeply decreasing to low or null values. The distribution of steady-state tissue GdDTPA concentration reflected the distribution of IFP, showing an increase from the rim inward, with a high IFP plateau inside the tumor. The changes outside the borders of the tumors with high IFP were indicative of convective transport through the interstitium. This work presents a noninvasive method for assessing the spatial distribution of tumor IFP and mapping barriers to drug delivery and transport.

Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of transport and interstitial fluid pressure in ectopic human lung tumors.

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is the standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer and a common option for primary operable disease. It is important to develop standardized imaging techniques that can monitor and quantify response to NST enabling treatment tailored to each individual patient, and facilitating surgical planning. Here we present a high spatial resolution, parametric method based on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which evaluates breast cancer response to NST.

Monitoring breast cancer response to neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy using parametric contrast-enhanced MRI: a pilot study.

To prospectively compare the sensitivity and specificity of high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with those of high-spatial-resolution T2-weighted MR imaging, performed with an endorectal coil (ERC), for assessment of extracapsular extension (ECE) and staging in patients with prostate cancer, with histopathologic findings as reference.

Prostate cancer: accurate determination of extracapsular extension with high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MR imaging--initial results.

Novel estrogen-conjugated pyridine-containing Gd(III) and Eu(III) contrast agents (EPTA-Gd/Eu) were designed and effectively synthesized. Convenient to administration and MRI experiments, both EPTA-Gd and EPTA-Eu are soluble in water. The EPTA-Gd selectively binds with a micromolar affinity to the estrogen receptor and induces proliferation of human breast cancer cells. The EPTA-Gd is not lethal and does not cause any adverse effects when administrated intravenously. It enhances T1 and T2 nuclear relaxation rates of water and serves as a selective contrast agent for localizing the estrogen receptor by MRI.

Water-soluble contrast agents targeted at the estrogen receptor for molecular magnetic resonance imaging.

Solid tumors often develop high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) as a result of increased water leakage and impaired lymphatic drainage, as well as changes in the extracellular matrix composition and elasticity. This high fluid pressure forms a barrier to drug delivery and hence, resistance to therapy. We have developed techniques based on contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for mapping in tumors the vascular and transport parameters determining the delivery efficiency of blood borne substances. Sequential images are recorded during continuous infusion of a Gd-based contrast agent and analyzed according to a new physiological model, yielding maps of microvascular transfer constants, as well as outward convective interstitial transfer constants and steady state interstitial contrast agent concentrations both reflecting IFP distribution. We further demonstrated in non small cell human lung cancer xenografts the capability of our techniques to monitor in vivo collagenase induced increase in contrast agent delivery as a result of decreased IFP. These techniques can be applied to test drugs that affect angiogenesis and modulate interstitial fluid pressure and has the potential to be extended to cancer patients for assessing resistance to drug delivery.

Non-invasive imaging of barriers to drug delivery in tumors.

To investigate a fast, objective, and standardized method for analyzing breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) applying principal component analysis (PCA) adjusted with a model-based method.

Principal component analysis of breast DCE-MRI adjusted with a model-based method.

To develop and evaluate a fast, objective and standardized method for image processing of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of the prostate based on principal component analysis (PCA).

Principal component analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in human prostate cancer.

To investigate the ability of parametric diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), applied at 3 Tesla, to dissect breast tissue architecture and evaluate breast lesions.

Parametric diffusion tensor imaging of the breast.

Clinical results of DTI.

Advantages and drawbacks of breast DTI.

To investigate the parameters obtained with magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) of the breast throughout the menstrual cycle phases, during lactation, and after menopause, with and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of the breast: hormonal regulation.

Evaluating the usefulness of diffusion-weighted spatio-temporal encoding (SPEN) methods to provide quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-based characterizations of healthy and malignant human breast tissues, in comparison with results obtained using techniques based on spin-echo echo planar imaging (SE-EPI).

Article	Year
Parametric analysis of breast MRI. Journal of computer assisted tomography\| PubMed ID: 12016367	2002
Clinical testing of high-spatial-resolution parametric contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast. AJR. American journal of roentgenology\| PubMed ID: 12438042	2002
Magnetic resonance imaging of tumor vasculature. Thrombosis and haemostasis\| PubMed ID: 12540950	2003
Magnetic resonance imaging reveals functional diversity of the vasculature in benign and malignant breast lesions. Cancer\| PubMed ID: 15971199	2005
Vascular perfusion of human lung cancer in a rat orthotopic model using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer\| PubMed ID: 16470842	2006
Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of transport and interstitial fluid pressure in ectopic human lung tumors. Cancer research\| PubMed ID: 16618737	2006
Monitoring breast cancer response to neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy using parametric contrast-enhanced MRI: a pilot study. Academic radiology\| PubMed ID: 17434070	2007
Prostate cancer: accurate determination of extracapsular extension with high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MR imaging--initial results. Radiology\| PubMed ID: 17717328	2007
Water-soluble contrast agents targeted at the estrogen receptor for molecular magnetic resonance imaging. Bioconjugate chemistry\| PubMed ID: 17784729	2007
Non-invasive imaging of barriers to drug delivery in tumors. Microvascular research\| PubMed ID: 18638494	2008
Principal component analysis of breast DCE-MRI adjusted with a model-based method. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI\| PubMed ID: 19856419	2009
Principal component analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in human prostate cancer. Investigative radiology\| PubMed ID: 20177391	2010
Parametric diffusion tensor imaging of the breast. Investigative radiology\| PubMed ID: 22472798	2012
Clinical results of DTI. European journal of radiology\| PubMed ID: 23083570	2012
Advantages and drawbacks of breast DTI. European journal of radiology\| PubMed ID: 23083598	2012
Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of the breast: hormonal regulation. Radiology\| PubMed ID: 24533873	2014
Overcoming limitations in diffusion-weighted MRI of breast by spatio-temporal encoding. Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine\| PubMed ID: 25045867	2014

Edna Furman-Haran

Biography

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