murine-ileocolic-bowel-resection-with-primary-anastomosis

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Intestinal resections are frequently required for treatment of diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, with Crohn&#8217;s disease and colon cancer ...

University of Alberta

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines and is expressed in various cardiovascular disease states. CT-1 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and protects myocytes from ischemia reperfusion injury. We sought to elucidate CT-1 signaling in cardiac fibroblasts with respect to initiation of protein synthesis.

Induction of protein synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts by cardiotrophin-1: integration of multiple signaling pathways.

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, has been shown to be elevated in the serum of patients with ischemic heart disease and valvular heart disease, and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. We investigated expression of CT-1 in post-MI rat heart and the effect of CT-1 on cultured primary adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. Elevated CT-1 expression was observed in the infarct zone at 24 h and continued through 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-MI, compared to sham-operated animals. CT-1 induced rapid phosphorylation of Jak, Jak2, STAT1, STAT3, p42/44 MAPK and Akt in cultured adult cardiac fibroblasts. CT-1 induced cardiac fibroblast protein synthesis and proliferation. Protein and DNA synthesis were dependent on activation of Jak/STAT, MEK1/2, PI3K and Src pathways as evidenced by decreased 3H-leucine and 3H-thymidine incorporation after pretreatment with AG490, PD98059, LY294002 and genistein respectively. Furthermore, CT-1 treatment increased procollagen-1-carboxypropeptide (PICP) synthesis, a marker of mature collagen synthesis. CT-1 induced cell migration of rat cardiac fibroblasts. Our results suggest that CT-1, as expressed in post-MI heart, may play an important role in infarct scar formation and ongoing remodeling of the scar. CT-1 was able to initiate each of the processes considered important in the formation of infarct scar including cardiac fibroblast migration as well as fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Further work is required to determine factors that induce CT-1 expression and interplay with other mediators of cardiac infarct wound healing in the setting of acute cardiac ischemia and chronic post-MI heart failure.

Cardiotrophin-1: expression in experimental myocardial infarction and potential role in post-MI wound healing.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects a significant proportion of the North American population; however, the etiology and pathophysiology of this disease remain poorly understood, and treatment is focused on symptom management. Over the years, research has revealed that the bacterial flora in the human gut interact with the bowel in a complex and dynamic relationship and may be responsible for the induction and progression of some of the pathophysiologic aspects of IBS. Probiotics are nonpathogenic bacteria that benefit the host, and the roles they can play in the bacterio-gut relationship provide hope of a safe treatment that would allow for modulation of IBS disease states. Probiotic treatment for IBS has undergone significant exploration, yet the exact therapeutic effects and doses of these beneficial bacteria remain unclear due to the conflicting nature of available evidence. This review discusses the evidence from randomized controlled trials on probiotic treatment of IBS and presents the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of probiotics as they apply to IBS and provides a plausible explanation for the variability in evidence documented by the various trials under review.

The role of probiotics in management of irritable bowel syndrome.

Electrocardiographic abnormalities and clinical symptoms are used as indications for cardiac pacing. Syncope, faints and other neurological symptoms are of multi-factorial origin and are due to reduced brain perfusion.

Flow disturbances in carotid and vertebral arteries in symptomatic patients referred for pacemaker implantation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) may cause electrical and structural atrial remodelling, leading to progression from paroxysmal to permanent form of arrhythmia. Predictors of such a transition have not yet been well established.

High concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with paroxysmal/persistent atrial fibrillation as possible markers of conversion into permanent form of arrhythmia: 1-year prospective evaluation.

Angiotensin II and aldosterone are key factors responsible for the structural and neurohormonal remodeling of the atria and ventricles in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiarrhythmic effects of spironolactone compared to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with recurrent AF. A cohort of 164 consecutive patients (mean age 66 years, 87 men), with an average 4-year history of recurrent AF episodes, was enrolled in a prospective, randomized, 12-month trial with 4 treatment arms: group A, spironolactone, enalapril, and a β blocker; group B, spironolactone and a β blocker; group C, enalapril plus a β blocker; and group D, a β blocker alone. The primary end point of the trial was the presence of symptomatic AF episodes documented on the electrocardiogram. At 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12 months, a significant (p < 0.001) reduction had occurred in the incidence of AF episodes in both spironolactone-treated groups (group A, spironolactone, enalapril, and a β blocker; and group B, spironolactone plus a β blocker) compared to the incidence in patients treated with enalapril and a β blocker (group C) or a β blocker alone (group D). No significant difference was seen in AF recurrences between patients taking spironolactone and a β blocker with (group A) and without (group B) enalapril. No significant differences were found in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure or heart rate among the groups before and after 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, combined spironolactone plus β-blocker treatment might be a simple and valuable option in preventing AF episodes in patients with normal left ventricular function and a history of refractory paroxysmal AF.

Effect of combined spironolactone-β-blocker ± enalapril treatment on occurrence of symptomatic atrial fibrillation episodes in patients with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (SPIR-AF study).

The majority of patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease eventually require surgical intervention. Unfortunately, postsurgical remission tends to be short lived; a significant number of patients experience clinical relapse and many require additional operations. The pathogenesis of this postoperative recurrence is poorly understood and, currently, there are no reliable tools to predict when and in whom the disease will recur. Furthermore, the postoperative prophylaxis profiles of available Crohn's disease therapeutic agents such as 5-aminosalicylates, immunomodulators, steroids and probiotics have been disappointing. Recently, the combination of antibiotics and azathioprine in selected high-risk patients has demonstrated some potential for benefit. The goal of the present article is to provide a coherent summary of previous and new research to guide clinicians in managing the challenging and complex problem of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence.

Predicting, treating and preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: the state of the field.

Crohn's disease recurrence after an ileocecal resection is common; yet, its pathophysiology is poorly understood and available treatment is suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to examine the bacterial, local, and systemic immune changes that follow ileocolonic anastomosis in a rodent model of Crohn's disease, the interleukin-10 gene-deficient (IL-10 null) mice.

Small bowel fibrosis and systemic inflammatory response after ileocolonic anastomosis in IL-10 null mice.

Combined arterial hypertension (AH) therapy ensures the effectiveness of treatment and improves haemodynamic parameters of cardiac function.

Combined hypotensive treatment with ≥ 3 hypotensive drugs in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension ensures more effective arrhythmia control than using less drugs.

Right ventricular pacing (RVP) causes ventricular desynchronization and may lead to the development of heart failure (HF). Prolongation of atrioventricular delay (AVD) in DDDR pacemakers reduces unnecessary RV stimulation. The aim of the study was to verify the influence of RVP reduction on HF symptoms.

Potential prevention of pacing-induced heart failure using simple pacemaker programming algorithm.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate value of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction.

Osteoprotegerin in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction.

The only subgroups of patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation in which the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy has been scientifically proven are patients with indications for right ventricular pacing and patients after atrioventricular junction ablation. However it is unlikely that atrioventricular junction ablation would be a standard procedure in the majority of the heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy and concomitant atrial fibrillation due to the irreversible character of the procedure and a spontaneous sinus rhythm resumption that occurs in about 10% of these patients.

Comparison of the rhythm control treatment strategy versus the rate control strategy in patients with permanent or long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation and heart failure treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy - a pilot study of Cardiac Resynchronization in Atrial Fibrillation Trial (Pilot-CRAfT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Article	Year
Induction of protein synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts by cardiotrophin-1: integration of multiple signaling pathways. Cardiovascular research\| PubMed ID: 14613866	2003
Cardiotrophin-1: expression in experimental myocardial infarction and potential role in post-MI wound healing. Molecular and cellular biochemistry\| PubMed ID: 14674704	2003
The role of probiotics in management of irritable bowel syndrome. Current gastroenterology reports\| PubMed ID: 17991340	2007
Flow disturbances in carotid and vertebral arteries in symptomatic patients referred for pacemaker implantation. Kardiologia polska\| PubMed ID: 19784885	2009
High concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with paroxysmal/persistent atrial fibrillation as possible markers of conversion into... Kardiologia polska\| PubMed ID: 20730719	2010
Effect of combined spironolactone-β-blocker ± enalapril treatment on occurrence of symptomatic atrial fibrillation episodes in patients with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (SPIR... The American journal of cardiology\| PubMed ID: 21094362	2010
Predicting, treating and preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: the state of the field. Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie\| PubMed ID: 21499578	2011
Small bowel fibrosis and systemic inflammatory response after ileocolonic anastomosis in IL-10 null mice. The Journal of surgical research\| PubMed ID: 22482772	2012
Combined hypotensive treatment with ≥ 3 hypotensive drugs in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension ensures more effective arrhythmia control than using less d... Kardiologia polska\| PubMed ID: 22825936	2012
Potential prevention of pacing-induced heart failure using simple pacemaker programming algorithm. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc\| PubMed ID: 23879277	2013
Osteoprotegerin in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction. Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)\| PubMed ID: 24922199	2014
Comparison of the rhythm control treatment strategy versus the rate control strategy in patients with permanent or long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation and heart failure treated with... Trials\| PubMed ID: 25281275	2014

Anna Borowiec

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