simple-polyacrylamide-based-multiwell-stiffness-assay-for-study

Simple Polyacrylamide-based Multiwell Stiffness Assay for the Study of Stiffness-dependent Cell Responses

Currently, most of the in vitro cell research is performed on rigid tissue culture polystyrene (~1 GPa), while most cells in the body are attached to a ...

Saint Louis University

HIV possesses a remarkable capacity for mutational escape from therapeutics that target the viral proteins and enzymes. Inhibitory strategies aimed at highly conserved nucleic acid sequences within the genome are an attractive alternative. However, it has proven difficult to achieve an effective level of therapeutic at the appropriate site within the cell. Oligonucleotide delivery is a rapidly advancing field. We have investigated oligonucleotide analogues as steric-block therapeutics against two highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 genome. In the study we show that 2'0-methyl/locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides against the packaging signal and trans-activating response regions of HIV can inhibit replication of the virus.

Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by oligonucleotide analogues directed to the packaging signal and trans-activating response region.

BACKGROUND Scleritis is a potentially blinding inflammatory disorder. Standard care consists of systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppresants. The authors describe a series of 10 patients suffering from scleritis treated with the TNF inhibitor infliximab because this scleritis was refractory to standard therapy. METHODS The authors reviewed the medical records of patients with scleritis at the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, treated with infliximab. All cases had non-infectious scleritis refractory to traditional immunomodulatory therapy and received 5 mg/kg of infliximab at 4-8-weekly intervals. The main outcome measures evaluated were clinical response, reduction in concomitant immunomodulatory therapy and adverse effects. Inflammation control and visual acuity were assessed using life-table methods. RESULTS A favourable clinical response to infliximab was seen in 100% of the patients, with six (60%) of them achieving remission and cessation of concomitant immunosuppression. A clinical response to infliximab therapy occurred within 13.24 weeks on average. Based on clinical response, the authors found that repeat monthly infusions were required to maintain remission. One (10%) patient developed a lupus-like reaction necessitating discontinuation of infliximab. CONCLUSION Infliximab may be considered in the treatment of non-infectious scleritis refractory to other treatment.

Infliximab for the treatment of refractory scleritis.

Each year almost one million newborns die from infections, mostly in low-income countries. Timely case management would save many lives but the relative mortality effect of varying strategies is unknown. We have estimated the effect of providing oral, or injectable antibiotics at home or in first-level facilities, and of in-patient hospital care on neonatal mortality from pneumonia and sepsis for use in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST).

Effect of case management on neonatal mortality due to sepsis and pneumonia.

Pancoast syndrome, classically considered as a constellation of (1) pain along the C8-T2 dermatomes, (2) weakness and atrophy of the hand and (3) Horner's syndrome, often presents a diagnostic challenge. In fact, it may manifest as a singular orthopaedic complaint, prompting a futile barrage of tests and referrals. The authors present the case of an elderly man who initially presented with severe shoulder pain. Due to progressive pain and weakness, he was referred to rheumatology and was treated with corticosteroid injections for a presumed musculoskeletal lesion. Ultimately, he manifested gross muscular atrophy and worsening pain, prompting a referral to neurology. An electromyogram (EMG) suggested a lower brachial plexopathy, and a follow-up brachial plexus MRI identified a large Pancoast tumour. Unfortunately, his disease was rapidly progressive, and he passed away within 2&emsp14;months. While the MRI remains the gold standard for diagnosing Pancoast syndrome, an EMG can facilitate diagnosis in difficult cases such as this one.

Shoulder pain and isolated brachial plexopathy.

&#x4ECE;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x548C;&#x53D7;&#x4F24;&#x7684;&#x975E;&#x81F4;&#x547D;&#x5065;&#x5EB7;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x7684;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x4FC3;&#x8FDB;&#x548C;&#x76D1;&#x6D4B;&#x4E2A;&#x4EBA;&#x548C;&#x4EBA;&#x53E3;&#x7684;&#x5065;&#x5EB7;&#x72B6;&#x51B5;&#x3002;&#x5168;&#x7403;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x7684;&#x75BE;&#x75C5; (GBD) &#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x505A;&#x5728; 1990&#x5E74;&#x81F3; 2000 &#x5E74;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x5C31;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x4E00;&#x5957;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x8BE6;&#x5C3D;&#x7684;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x5728;&#x5168;&#x7403;&#x548C;&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#x91CF;&#x5316;&#x975E;&#x81F4;&#x547D;&#x7684;&#x5065;&#x5EB7;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x7684;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x3002;&#x65E2;&#x4E0D;&#x52AA;&#x529B;&#x51E0;&#x5E74;&#x5C45;&#x4F4F; (YLDs) &#x6B8B;&#x75BE;&#x6216;&#x91CF;&#x5316;&#x4E2D;&#x666E;&#x904D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x4E0D;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x6027;&#x3002;

&#x5E74;&#x6B8B;&#x75BE; (YLDs) &#x4F4F; 1160&#x5E74;&#x540E;&#x9057;&#x75C7; 289 &#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x548C;&#x53D7;&#x4F24; 1990&#x5E74;-2010 &#x5E74;&#xFF1A; &#x5168;&#x7403;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x7814;&#x7A76; 2010&#x5E74;&#x6709;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5730;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x3002;

Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).

Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.

Sur la sant&eacute; des maladies et des blessures non mortelles est un facteur crucial dans la promotion et la surveillance de la sant&eacute; individuelle et de la population. Les &eacute;tudes du fardeau mondial des maladies (GBD) en 1990 et 2000 ont &eacute;t&eacute; les seules &eacute;tudes &agrave; quantifier les effets sur la sant&eacute; non mortelles dans un ensemble exhaustif de troubles mondial et r&eacute;gional niveau. Aucun effort de quantifier l&#39;incertitude dans la pr&eacute;valence ou ann&eacute;es v&eacute;cues avec une incapacit&eacute; (AVI).

Ann&eacute;es v&eacute;cues avec une incapacit&eacute; (AVI) pour les s&eacute;quelles de 1160 de 289 de maladies et de blessures, 1990-2010 : une analyse syst&eacute;matique du fardeau mondial de la maladie &eacute;tude 2010.

I risultati non-fatal salute da malattie e lesioni sono una considerazione cruciale per la promozione e il monitoraggio della salute individuale e di popolazione. I carico globale di malattia (GBD) studi nel 1990 e nel 2000 sono stati gli studi soli per quantificare i risultati di salute non-fatale attraverso un esaustivo set di disturbi al globale e regionale livello. Nessuno sforzo quantificati incertezza in prevalenza o vissuto anni con disabilit&agrave; (YLDs).

Anni vissuti con disabilit&agrave; (YLDs) per 1160 sequele di 289 malattie e lesioni 1990-2010: un&#39;analisi sistematica per l&#39;onere globale della malattia Studio 2010.

&#x975E;&#x81F4;&#x547D;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x5065;&#x5EB7;&#x7D50;&#x679C;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x3084;&#x3051;&#x304C;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x63A8;&#x9032;&#x3068;&#x500B;&#x4EBA;&#x3068;&#x4EBA;&#x53E3;&#x306E;&#x7A3C;&#x50CD;&#x72B6;&#x614B;&#x306E;&#x76E3;&#x8996;&#x306B;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x8003;&#x616E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x3002;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5; &#xFF08;GBD&#xFF09; &#x7814;&#x7A76; 1990 &#x5E74;&#x3068; 2000&#x5E74;&#x306E;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x30B0;&#x30ED;&#x30FC;&#x30D0;&#x30EB;&#x969C;&#x5BB3;&#x3068;&#x5730;&#x57DF;&#x306E;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x306A;&#x30BB;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x3067;&#x975E;&#x81F4;&#x547D;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x5065;&#x5EB7;&#x306E;&#x7D50;&#x679C;&#x3092;&#x5B9A;&#x91CF;&#x5316;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x306E;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x30EC;&#x30D9;&#x30EB;&#x3002;&#x3069;&#x3061;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x52AA;&#x529B;&#x306E;&#x6709;&#x75C5;&#x7387;&#x306E;&#x4E0D;&#x78BA;&#x5B9F;&#x6027;&#x306E;&#x5B9A;&#x91CF;&#x5316;&#x3084;&#x5E74;&#x969C;&#x5BB3;&#x8005; (YLDs) &#x306B;&#x4F4F;&#x3093;&#x3067;&#x3044;&#x305F;&#x3002;

&#x5E74;&#x4F4F;&#x3093;&#x3067;&#x969C;&#x5BB3; (YLDs) &#x306E; 289 &#x306E;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x3084;&#x3051;&#x304C; 1990&#x5E74; 2010&#x5E74;&#x306E; 1160&#x5E74;&#x5F8C;&#x907A;&#x75C7;&#xFF1A; &#x75BE;&#x60A3;&#x7814;&#x7A76; 2010 &#x306E;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x306E;&#x4F53;&#x7CFB;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x3002;

&#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBC0F; &#xC0C1;&#xD574;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xBE44; &#xC2EC;&#xAC01;&#xD55C; &#xAC74;&#xAC15; &#xACB0;&#xACFC; &#xD64D;&#xBCF4; &#xBC0F; &#xAC1C;&#xC778; &#xBC0F; &#xC778;&#xAD6C; &#xAC74;&#xAC15;&#xC758; &#xBAA8;&#xB2C8;&#xD130;&#xB9C1;&#xC5D0; &#xC911;&#xC694; &#xD55C; &#xACE0;&#xB824; &#xC0AC;&#xD56D;&#xC774; &#xB2E4;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xAE00;&#xB85C;&#xBC8C; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4; (GBD) &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xC218;&#xD589; 1990 &#xB144;&#xACFC; 2000 &#xB418;&#xC5C8;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xC9C0;&#xC5ED; &#xC804;&#xC5ED;&#xC5D0; &#xC7A5;&#xC560;&#xC758; &#xC644;&#xC804; &#xD55C; &#xC138;&#xD2B8;&#xC5D0; &#xAC78;&#xCCD0; &#xC0AC;&#xC18C;&#xD55C; &#xAC74;&#xAC15; &#xACB0;&#xACFC; &#xACC4;&#xB7C9; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC720;&#xC77C;&#xD55C; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xC218;&#xC900;. &#xB098;&#xB3C4; &#xB178;&#xB825; &#xBCF4;&#xAE09;&#xC5D0; &#xBD88;&#xD655;&#xC2E4;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xACC4;&#xB7C9; &#xB610;&#xB294; &#xB144; &#xC7A5;&#xC560; (YLDs)&#xC640; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xC0B4;&#xC558;&#xB2E4;.

1160 Sequelae 289 &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBC0F; &#xBD80;&#xC0C1; 1990-2010 &#xB144; &#xC7A5;&#xC560; (YLDs)&#xC640; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xC0B4; &#xC558;: &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; 2010&#xC758; &#xAE00;&#xB85C;&#xBC8C; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xCCB4;&#xACC4;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xBD84;&#xC11D;.

Los resultados de salud no mortales de enfermedades y lesiones son un examen crucial en la promoci&oacute;n y vigilancia de la salud individual y de la poblaci&oacute;n. Los estudios de la carga mundial de enfermedad (GBD) en 1990 y el 2000 han sido los estudios s&oacute;lo para cuantificar los resultados sanitarios no mortales a trav&eacute;s de un exhaustivo conjunto de trastornos en el mundial y regional nivel. Ni esfuerzo cuantifica la incertidumbre en la prevalencia o a&ntilde;os vividos con discapacidad (APD).

A&ntilde;os vividos con discapacidad (APD) para 1160 secuelas de 289 enfermedades y lesiones 1990-2010: un an&aacute;lisis sistem&aacute;tico de la carga mundial de enfermedad estudio 2010.

Mess Krankheiten und Verletzungen-Belastung in der Bev&ouml;lkerung erfordert eine zusammengesetzte Metrik, die vorzeitige Sterblichkeit und Pr&auml;valenz sowohl die Schwere der Erkrankungen erfasst. 1990 Global Burden of Disease Studie vorgeschlagenen Behinderung angepasst Lebensjahre (servieren), Krankheitslast zu messen. Seit 1990 Studie wurde kein umfassendes Update Krankheitslast weltweit einbinden eine systematische Neubewertung von Krankheiten und Verletzungen-spezifische Epidemiologie getan. Wir wollten Krankheitslast weltweit und f&uuml;r 21 Regionen f&uuml;r 1990, 2005 und 2010 mit Methoden um sinnvolle Vergleiche im Laufe der Zeit berechnen.

Behinderung angepasst Lebensjahre (servieren) 291 Krankheiten und Verletzungen in 21 Regionen, 1990-2010: eine systematische Analyse f&uuml;r die globale Belastung der Krankheit-Studie 2010.

Misurazione degli oneri di malattia e infortunio in popolazioni richiede una metrica composita che cattura la mortalit&agrave; precoce e la prevalenza e gravit&agrave; della malattia. L&#39;onere di malattia globale 1990 studio anni proposto vita adattati alla disabilit&agrave; (Daly) per misurare il carico di malattia. Nessun aggiornamento completo del carico di malattia in tutto il mondo, che incorporano una sistematica rivalutazione di malattia e di epidemiologia lesioni specifiche &egrave; stato fatto dal 1990 Studio. Abbiamo l&#39;obiettivo di calcolare il carico di malattia in tutto il mondo e per 21 regioni per 1990, 2005 e 2010 con metodi per consentire confronti significativi nel tempo.

Anni di vita adattati alla disabilit&agrave; (Daly) per 291 malattie e infortuni in 21 regioni, 1990-2010: un&#39;analisi sistematica per l&#39;onere globale della malattia Studio 2010.

&#x5728;&#x4EBA;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x6D4B;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x548C;&#x635F;&#x4F24;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x65E9;&#x4EA7;&#x6B7B;&#x4EA1;&#x7387;&#x548C;&#x60A3;&#x75C5;&#x7387;&#x548C;&#x5065;&#x5EB7;&#x4E0D;&#x826F;&#x7684;&#x4E25;&#x91CD;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x7EFC;&#x5408;&#x5EA6;&#x91CF;&#x3002;1990 &#x5168;&#x7403;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x62DF;&#x8BAE;&#x7684;&#x6B8B;&#x75BE;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x5E74; (DALYs) &#x6765;&#x8861;&#x91CF;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x3002;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x5404;&#x5730;&#x5C06;&#x6709;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5730;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x8BC4;&#x4F30;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x548C;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x635F;&#x4F24;&#x7684;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x75C5;&#x5B66;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5168;&#x9762;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x4EE5;&#x6765; 1990&#x5E74;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5F00;&#x5C55;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x5168;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x548C; 21 &#x5730;&#x533A; 1990&#x5E74;&#x3001; 2005 &#x5E74;&#x548C; 2010 &#x5E74;&#xFF0C;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x63A8;&#x79FB;&#x4F7F;&#x6709;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;

&#x6B8B;&#x75BE;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x5E74; (DALYs) &#x4E3A; 291 &#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x548C;&#x53D7;&#x4F24; 21 &#x5730;&#x533A;&#xFF0C;1990&#x5E74;-2010 &#x5E74;&#xFF1A; &#x5168;&#x7403;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x7814;&#x7A76; 2010&#x5E74;&#x6709;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5730;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x3002;

Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time.

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.

Mesure fardeau de maladies et des blessures chez les populations n&eacute;cessite une mesure composite qui capte aussi bien la mortalit&eacute; pr&eacute;matur&eacute;e et la pr&eacute;valence et la s&eacute;v&eacute;rit&eacute; de la maladie. La charge mondiale de morbidit&eacute; de 1990 l&#39;&eacute;tude propos&eacute;e disability-adjusted life years (AVCI) pour mesurer la charge de morbidit&eacute;. Aucune mise &agrave; jour compl&egrave;te de la charge de morbidit&eacute; dans le monde entier, incorporant une r&eacute;&eacute;valuation syst&eacute;matique des maladies et blessures &eacute;pid&eacute;miologiques n&#39;a &eacute;t&eacute; effectu&eacute; depuis l&#39;&eacute;tude de 1990. Nous avons cherch&eacute; &agrave; calculer la charge de morbidit&eacute; dans le monde entier et pour les 21 r&eacute;gions pour 1990, 2005 et 2010 avec les m&eacute;thodes pour permettre des comparaisons significatives au fil du temps.

Disability-adjusted life years (AVCI) 291 des maladies et des blessures dans 21 r&eacute;gions, 1990-2010 : une analyse syst&eacute;matique du fardeau mondial de la maladie &eacute;tude 2010.

&#x6E2C;&#x5B9A;&#x306E;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x3084;&#x602A;&#x6211;&#x306E;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x96C6;&#x56E3;&#x306B;&#x304A;&#x3051;&#x308B;&#x65E9;&#x671F;&#x306E;&#x6B7B;&#x4EA1;&#x7387;&#x3068;&#x6709;&#x75C5;&#x7387;&#x3068;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x306E;&#x91CD;&#x75C7;&#x5EA6;&#x306E;&#x4E21;&#x65B9;&#x3092;&#x30AD;&#x30E3;&#x30D7;&#x30C1;&#x30E3;&#x8907;&#x5408;&#x30E1;&#x30C8;&#x30EA;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x304C;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3002;1990 &#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x306E;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x3092;&#x6E2C;&#x5B9A;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x63D0;&#x6848;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x969C;&#x5BB3;&#x8005;&#x8ABF;&#x6574;&#x751F;&#x6D3B;&#x5E74; (DALYs&#xFF09; &#x3092;&#x52C9;&#x5F37;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;1990 &#x5E74;&#x306E;&#x8ABF;&#x67FB;&#x4EE5;&#x6765;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x30FB;&#x3051;&#x304C;&#x56FA;&#x6709;&#x75AB;&#x5B66;&#x306E;&#x7CFB;&#x7D71;&#x7684;&#x518D;&#x8A55;&#x4FA1;&#x3092;&#x7D44;&#x307F;&#x8FBC;&#x3080;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x306E;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x30A2;&#x30C3;&#x30D7;&#x30C7;&#x30FC;&#x30C8;&#x304C;&#x884C;&#x308F;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x305B;&#x3093;&#x3002;&#x75C5;&#x6C17;&#x306E;&#x91CD;&#x8377;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x3068; 21 &#x5730;&#x57DF;&#x306E; 1990 &#x5E74;&#x3001;2005 &#x5E74;&#x3068; 2010&#x5E74;&#x306E;&#x6642;&#x9593;&#x3092;&#x304B;&#x3051;&#x3066;&#x6709;&#x610F;&#x7FA9;&#x306A;&#x6BD4;&#x8F03;&#x3092;&#x6709;&#x52B9;&#x306B;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3092;&#x8A08;&#x7B97;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;

&#x969C;&#x5BB3;&#x8005;&#x8ABF;&#x6574;&#x751F;&#x6D3B;&#x5E74; (DALYs) 291 &#x306E;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x3068;&#x640D;&#x50B7; 1990&#x5E74; 2010&#x5E74; 21 &#x5730;&#x57DF;: &#x75C5;&#x7814;&#x7A76; 2010 &#x306E;&#x4E16;&#x754C;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x8CA0;&#x62C5;&#x306E;&#x7CFB;&#x7D71;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x3002;

&#xC778;&#xAD6C;&#xC5D0; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBC0F; &#xC0C1;&#xD574; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4;&#xC744; &#xCE21;&#xC815; &#xC870;&#xAE30; &#xC0AC;&#xB9DD;&#xB960; &#xBC0F; &#xBCF4;&#xAE09; &#xBC0F; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1;-&#xAC74;&#xAC15;&#xC758; &#xC2EC;&#xAC01;&#xB3C4; &#xBCF5;&#xD569; &#xD1B5;&#xACC4;&#xAC00; &#xD544;&#xC694; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. 1990 &#xC138;&#xACC4; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xC81C;&#xC548; &#xB41C; &#xC7A5;&#xC560; &#xC870;&#xC815; &#xC0DD;&#xD65C; &#xB144; (DALYs) &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4;&#xC744; &#xCE21;&#xC815;. 1990 &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xC774;&#xD6C4; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4; &#xC804;&#xC138;&#xACC4; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBC0F; &#xC0C1;&#xD574; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xC5ED;&#xD559;&#xC758; &#xCCB4;&#xACC4;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC7AC;&#xD3C9;&#xAC00; &#xD1B5;&#xD569;&#xC758; &#xD3EC;&#xAD04;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC5C5;&#xB370;&#xC774;&#xD2B8;&#xAC00; &#xC644;&#xB8CC; &#xB418;&#xC5C8;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xB294; &#xACC4;&#xC0B0; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4; &#xC804;&#xC138;&#xACC4;&#xC640; 21 &#xC9C0;&#xC5ED;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; 1990 &#xB144;, 2005 &#xB144;&#xACFC; 2010&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC2DC;&#xAC04;&#xC5D0; &#xB530;&#xB77C; &#xC758;&#xBBF8; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xBE44;&#xAD50;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558;&#xB3C4;&#xB85D; &#xC124;&#xC815; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xBAA9;&#xC801;.

291 &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBC0F; &#xBD80;&#xC0C1; 21 &#xC9C0;&#xC5ED;, 1990-2010&#xC744; &#xC704;&#xD55C; &#xC0DD;&#xD65C; &#xC7A5;&#xC560; &#xC870;&#xC815; &#xB144; (DALYs): &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; 2010&#xC758; &#xAE00;&#xB85C;&#xBC8C; &#xBD80;&#xB2F4;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xCCB4;&#xACC4;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xBD84;&#xC11D;.

Medici&oacute;n de carga de enfermedades y lesiones en poblaciones requiere una medida compuesta que captura tanto la mortalidad prematura y la prevalencia y la severidad de la enfermedad. El 1990 Global Burden of Disease estudiar a&ntilde;os de propuesta de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD) para medir la carga de morbilidad. No actualizaci&oacute;n integral de morbilidad en todo el mundo que incorpora una reevaluaci&oacute;n sistem&aacute;tica de enfermedad y Epidemiolog&iacute;a de la lesi&oacute;n espec&iacute;fica se ha realizado desde el estudio de 1990. Apuntamos para calcular carga de morbilidad en todo el mundo y para 21 regiones para 1990, 2005 y 2010 con m&eacute;todos para permitir comparaciones significativas con el tiempo.

A&ntilde;os de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD) 291 enfermedades y heridas en 21 regiones, 1990-2010: un an&aacute;lisis sistem&aacute;tico de la carga mundial de enfermedad estudio 2010.

Tobacco alcohol amblyopia is an outdated term for a rare condition characterized by visual impairment due to tobacco and alcohol abuse usually associated with nutritional deficiencies. The more accurate term used now is Nutritional Optic Neuropathy. The visual impairment generally presents as a centrocecal scotoma. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood but it is generally attributed to toxic effects of cyanide and B12 deficiency.

Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia: a diagnostic dilemma.

We sought to examine the prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA) and complex sleep apnea (CompSA) in patients with epilepsy and to examine their clinical profile, with respect to epilepsy type, etiology, medication use, and EEG abnormalities.

Central sleep apnea and complex sleep apnea in patients with epilepsy.

Clinical reasoning: a 25-year-old man with headaches and collapse.

Survivors of neonatal infections are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), a burden not previously systematically quantified and yet important for program priority setting. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were undertaken and applied in a three-step compartmental model to estimate NDI cases after severe neonatal bacterial infection in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America in neonates of >32 wk gestation (or >1,500 g).

Neonatal severe bacterial infection impairment estimates in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America for 2010.

The most common thresholds for considering prolonged seizures as status epilepticus (SE) are 5 and 30 min. It is unknown whether these different thresholds (5 or 30 min) identify patient populations with different electroclinical characteristics. We compared the characteristics of patients with SE lasting 5-29 min (SE5-29) with those with SE lasting ≥30 min (SE≥30). Inclusion criteria were the following: 1) 1 month to 21 years of age at the time of SE, 2) convulsive seizures, and 3) seizure duration ≥5 min. Exclusion criteria were the following: 1) exclusively neonatal seizures, 2) psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, or 3) incomplete information about seizure duration. Four hundred forty-five patients (50.1% male) with a median (p25-p75) age at SE of 5.5 (2.8-10.5) years were enrolled. Status epilepticus lasted for 5-29 min in 296 (66.5%) of subjects and for ≥30 min in 149 (33.5%). Patients with SE≥30 were younger than the patients with SE5-29 at the time of seizure onset (median: 1 versus 2.1 years, p=0.0007). Status epilepticus as the first seizure presentation was more frequent in patients with SE≥30 (24.2% versus 12.2%, p=0.002). There was a tendency towards a higher rate of abnormalities in the magnetic resonance imaging at baseline in patients with SE≥30 (70.5% versus 57.1%, p=0.061). Differences were not detected in seizure frequency, seizure types, presence of developmental delay, and electroencephalogram abnormalities at baseline. In the pediatric population, SE thresholds of either 5 or 30 min identify groups of patients with very similar electroclinical characteristics, which may influence future definitions of pediatric SE.

Article	Year
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by oligonucleotide analogues directed to the packaging signal and trans-activating response region. Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy\| PubMed ID: 16542000	2006
Infliximab for the treatment of refractory scleritis. The British journal of ophthalmology\| PubMed ID: 19955205	2010
Effect of case management on neonatal mortality due to sepsis and pneumonia. BMC public health\| PubMed ID: 21501430	2011
Shoulder pain and isolated brachial plexopathy. BMJ case reports\| PubMed ID: 22744250	2012
Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet\| PubMed ID: 23245607	2012
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet\| PubMed ID: 23245608	2013
Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia: a diagnostic dilemma. Journal of the neurological sciences\| PubMed ID: 23477666	2013
Central sleep apnea and complex sleep apnea in patients with epilepsy. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung\| PubMed ID: 23636561	2014
Clinical reasoning: a 25-year-old man with headaches and collapse. Neurology\| PubMed ID: 23671348	2013
Neonatal severe bacterial infection impairment estimates in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America for 2010. Pediatric research\| PubMed ID: 24366464	2013
Comparison of pediatric patients with status epilepticus lasting 5-29 min versus ≥30 min. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B\| PubMed ID: 24949574	2014

Sana Syed

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