high-throughput-measurement-extracellular-dna-release-quantitative

High Throughput Measurement of Extracellular DNA Release and Quantitative NET Formation in Human Neutrophils<em> In Vitro</em>

Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant leukocytes in the human blood. Neutrophils are the first to arrive at the site of infection. Neutrophils ...

University of Georgia

Possible gastrointestinal symptoms in a subset of children with autism.

Reproductive biology is considered a specialty field, however, an argument can be made that it is instead generally applicable to many fields of biology. The one-cell embryo is presented here as a model system for the study of eukaryotic DNA replication, apoptotic DNA degradation, and signaling mechanisms between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Two unique aspects of this system combine to make it particularly useful for the study of chromatin function. First, the evolutionary pressure that lead to the extreme condensation of mammalian sperm DNA resulted in a cell with virtually inert chromatin, no DNA replication or transcription ongoing in the sperm cell, and all of the cells in a G(0) state. This chromatin is suddenly transformed into actively transcribing and replicating DNA upon fertilization. Therefore, the sperm chromatin is poised to become active but does not yet possess sufficient components present in somatic chromatin structure for all these processes. The second unique aspect of this system is that the one cell embryo houses two distinct nuclei, termed pronuclei, through the first round of DNA synthesis. This means the sperm cell can be experimentally manipulated to test the affects of the various treatments on the biological functions of interest. Experimental manipulations of the system have already revealed a certain level of plasticity in the coordination of both the timing of DNA synthesis in the two pronuclei and in the response to cellular signals by each pronucleus involved with the progression through the G1/S checkpoint, including the degradation of DNA in the paternal pronucleus. The fact that two nuclei in the same cytoplasm can undergo different responses infers a level of autonomy in the nuclear control of the cell cycle. Thus, the features of mammalian fertilization can provide unique insights for the normal biology of the cell cycle in somatic cells.

Mammalian sperm chromatin as a model for chromatin function in DNA degradation and DNA replication.

Chocolate and acne: how valid was the original study?

We evaluated the perceived success of recruitment and retention protocols for Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander/Filipino populations. These three groups were found to have a significantly higher incidence of health disparities than the general population. Training applications of selected vignettes were also generated. Focus groups and questionnaires were used to achieve the objective: identification of themes related to facilitators and deterrents to participation in clinical trials in these populations. This mixed methods approach evaluated promotional materials preferred. Responses to animated videos and vignettes with actors regarding clinical research participation were analyzed. Participants included adults of Hawaiian/Pacific Islander or Filipino ethnicity. Analysis included grounded theory methods, such as constant comparative techniques. The results revealed that attention to the following categories is essential: culturally sensitive knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to individuals, families and communities. These themes are recommended as the structure for future interventions to improve participation and retention within these groups.

Recruitment and retention of under-represented groups with health disparities into clinical trials: a formative approach.

We studied the involvement of calcium and calcium-activated NADPH oxidases in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release to better understand inflammasome signaling in macrophages.

Article	Year
Possible gastrointestinal symptoms in a subset of children with autism. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology\| PubMed ID: 20350258	2010
Mammalian sperm chromatin as a model for chromatin function in DNA degradation and DNA replication. Systems biology in reproductive medicine\| PubMed ID: 21204750	2011
Chocolate and acne: how valid was the original study? Clinics in dermatology\| PubMed ID: 21679875	2011
Recruitment and retention of under-represented groups with health disparities into clinical trials: a formative approach. Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health\| PubMed ID: 23377577	2014
NLRP3 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β release in macrophages require calcium but are independent of calcium-activated NADPH oxidases. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]\| PubMed ID: 25048991	2014

Payel Sil

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