culturing-human-pluripotent-neural-stem-cells-an-enclosed-cell

Culturing Human Pluripotent and Neural Stem Cells in an Enclosed Cell Culture System for Basic and Preclinical Research

This paper describes how to use a custom manufactured, commercially available enclosed cell culture system for basic and preclinical research. Biosafety ...

Childrens Hospital of Orange County Research Institute

The role of stasis in venous disease is undisputed, yet surprisingly, its haemodynamic quantitation remains largely undefined. We investigated the phenomenon of venous stasis in the lower limb upon sitting and standing and project its implications to economy class aircraft passengers. 26 normal limbs, 13 subjects, age 29-54, selected after duplex, plethysmography and ABPI, had peak[V(peak)], mean[V(mean)] and minimum[V(min)] velocities, volume-flow[Q(venous)], pulsatility index [PI(venous)] and diameter obtained on horizontal, sitting (as in economy aircraft seats) and standing with duplex, at popliteal, femoral[FV] and common femoral[CFV]veins [differences in median %]. V(peak), V(mean) and Q(venous) decreased from horizontal to sitting in the CFV [57%, 71%, 31%, respectively], FV [51%, 70%, 34%] and popliteal [31%, 58%, 42%] (all, p<.001). V(peak),V(mean) and Q(venous) decreased further from sitting to standing in the CFV [26%, 44%, 25%, respectively], FV [21%, 42%, 27%] and popliteal [14%, 42%, 20%] (all, p <.001). Diameter, V(min) and PI(venous) increased from horizontal to sitting in the CFV [50%, 63%, 38%, respectively], FV [39%, 23%, 66%] and popliteal [21%, 14%, 84%] (all, p <.001)]. Diameter, V(min) and PI(venous) increased further from sitting to standing in CFV [10%, 22%, 19%, respectively; p =.004], FV [12%, 68%, 2%[ns]; p <.001)] and popliteal [14%, 50%, 24%; p =.017]. In all postures: V(peak), V(mean), Q(venous) and diameter at CFV exceeded FV (p <.025) and popliteal (p <.001) ones; also those at FV exceeded the popli-teal ones (p =.003), except for the diameter on horizontal. V(min) in popliteal was higher than in CFV (p =.003) or FV (p <.025), on horizontal and standing. PI(venous) in CFV was lower than in FV or popliteal (p <.025) on sitting. Right to left differences non-significant. [Wilcoxon(+Bonferroni) test: significance at p <.025] A shift from horizontal to sitting generates a most significant attenuation in Q(venous),V(peak) and V(mean) linked to a reciprocal increase in V(min), PI(venous) and vein diameter, with further exacerbation on standing. V(peak),V(mean) and Q(venous) decline with distance from groin enhancing venous stasis in the periphery. By restricting activation of the natural venous pumps, sitting cramped during long flights may protract the status of haemodynamic stagnation sustained on dependency which paired with marked venous dilatation generates a milieu that may promote thrombogenesis.

Lower limb venous haemodynamic impairment on dependency: quantification and implications for the "economy class" position.

To investigate if relationships exist among macrophage infiltration, plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels, and the number of emboli generated during endoluminal carotid interventions.

Relationship of matrix metalloproteinases and macrophages to embolization during endoluminal carotid interventions.

We review our ongoing experience with a transabdominal stent repair of complex thoracoabdominal aneurysms (Crawford type I, II, and III) with surgical revascularization of visceral and renal arteries.

Complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: endovascular exclusion with visceral revascularization.

Strutting stuff.

The endograft was originally developed to repair aneurismal disease of the infra-renal aorta and has since realised many other applications, including the treatment of arterial trauma. Traumatic transection of the thoracic aorta is a condition associated with a high mortality and affected patients often have multiple injuries. Endovascular repair of thoracic transection is an attractive option in those patients for whom open surgical repair would be highly dangerous and other groups have reported early technical success. However, we report 3 cases of young patients with traumatic thoracic aortic transection, initially treated successfully by endoluminal stenting, who developed the complication of stent collapse. We discuss here the options available to treat the complication.

Salvage options after stent collapse in the thoracic aorta.

Endovascular treatments are limited in cases of thoracic aortic aneurysms extending up or proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery (LSCA). In such cases, the LSCA is usually either occluded or revascularised. We report our first experience of four patients who underwent thoracic aneursym treatment with new custom-made grafts with a scallop in situ for the LSCA. The graft is tailor made per case, and a re-enforced scallop is positioned proximally allowing for the stent to be deployed beyond the origin of the LSCA; the origin of the LSCA remains patent, thus negating the need for revascularisation of the head and neck vessels on the left. The stent contains markers for identifying the scallop and are located along the midline to ensure correct alignment. All of the patients who underwent this procedure had technical success with flow through the LSCA both immediately after stent deployment and on follow-up imaging. This new stent has further expanded endovascular treatment options for patients with thoracic aneurysms extending up to and beyond the LSCA, which can play a part in improving outcome and decreasing mortality rates because surgery for revascularization will not be needed.

Scalloped thoracic stent-graft for treatment of aortic arch aneurysms with unfavourable landing zones.

The objective of this study is to examine contemporary management of primary mycotic aortic aneurysms in a single center. We have previously reported the management of mycotic aortic aneurysms in 15 patients between 1991 and 2001, and we hypothesized that management would change in the light of the evolution of endovascular aortic repair.

The changing management of primary mycotic aortic aneurysms.

Pragmatic minimum reporting standards for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Conventional open surgical repair, endovascular treatment, and the hybrid technique constitute the three treatment options for patients with type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Treatment is advocated to prevent rupture but yields significant risk for spinal cord ischemia, cardiovascular, and renal and respiratory complications, including death. Refinements in open surgical techniques and branched endovascular graft repair together with the development of hybrid techniques have been applied to the treatment of type IV-TAAAs to decrease the risk of these complications. However, much of the evidence of the argument is circumstantial. Large experiences are limited to a few centers worldwide with inherent disparity between patient groups and several limitations to the construction of a prospective randomized trial. This controversial subject is now open to discussion, and our debaters have been given the challenge to clarify the evidence to justify their preferred option for repair of type IV-TAAAs.

Debate regarding the best surgical option for type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.

The impact on an acute trust of opening a major trauma centre.

Best surgical option for thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair - the hybrid approach.

The suitability of the proximal landing zone remains one of the main limitations to thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The advent of custom-made scalloped stent grafts widens the endovascular options for patients with challenging anatomy. The objective of this study was to present our early and midterm results of custom-made scalloped thoracic stent grafts.

Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms with a short proximal landing zone using scalloped endografts.

Mycotic aortic aneurysm (MAA) is a rare and life-threatening disease. The aim of this European multicenter collaboration was to study the durability of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of MAA, by assessing late infection-related complications and long-term survival.

Article	Year
Lower limb venous haemodynamic impairment on dependency: quantification and implications for the "economy class" position. Thrombosis and haemostasis\| PubMed ID: 15116255	2004
Relationship of matrix metalloproteinases and macrophages to embolization during endoluminal carotid interventions. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists\| PubMed ID: 15298502	2004
Complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: endovascular exclusion with visceral revascularization. Journal of vascular surgery\| PubMed ID: 16765218	2006
Strutting stuff. Lancet (London, England)\| PubMed ID: 17307105	2007
Salvage options after stent collapse in the thoracic aorta. Journal of vascular surgery\| PubMed ID: 17903654	2007
Scalloped thoracic stent-graft for treatment of aortic arch aneurysms with unfavourable landing zones. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology\| PubMed ID: 21287173	2011
The changing management of primary mycotic aortic aneurysms. Journal of vascular surgery\| PubMed ID: 21458201	2011
Pragmatic minimum reporting standards for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists\| PubMed ID: 21679059	2011
Debate regarding the best surgical option for type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Journal of vascular surgery\| PubMed ID: 21722832	2011
The impact on an acute trust of opening a major trauma centre. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)\| PubMed ID: 23411971	2013
Best surgical option for thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair - the hybrid approach. Annals of cardiothoracic surgery\| PubMed ID: 23977518	2012
Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms with a short proximal landing zone using scalloped endografts. Journal of vascular surgery\| PubMed ID: 25264365	2014
Endovascular treatment of mycotic aortic aneurysms: a European multicenter study. Circulation\| PubMed ID: 25378548	2014
Pragmatic minimum reporting standards for thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists\| PubMed ID: 25991768	2015

Michael P. Jenkins

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