exploring-use-isolated-expressions-film-clips-to-evaluate-emotion

Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury

The current study presented 60 people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 60 controls with isolated facial emotion expressions, isolated vocal emotion ...

Brock University

To review the literature of affect recognition for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is suggested that impairment of affect recognition could be a significant problem for the TBI population and treatment strategies are recommended based on research for persons with autism.

Overview of impaired facial affect recognition in persons with traumatic brain injury.

Persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have difficulty recognizing emotion in others. This is likely due to difficulties in interpreting non-verbal cues of affect. Although deficits in interpreting facial cues of affect are being widely explored, interpretation of vocal cues of affect has received much less attention. Accurate interpretation of vocal affect cues is important, particularly when facial cues are absent or ambiguous. These cues also contribute to more accurate identification of emotion. The neural substrates of facial and vocal affect recognition appear to be shared, further contributing to improved bimodal processing. This article discusses the importance of vocal affect cues in interpreting emotion. Expression of vocal affect in persons with TBI is also briefly discussed since difficulty in controlling and manipulating vocal cues of emotion when speaking may also contribute to poor social outcomes. A review of the literature in acoustic parameters that contribute to identification and expression of emotions is followed by a discussion on the integration of visual and auditory cues in bimodal processing and the relationship between facial and vocal affect in persons with TBI.

The importance of vocal affect to bimodal processing of emotion: implications for individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Experiment 1 examined modality preferences in children and adults with normal hearing to combined auditory-visual stimuli. Experiment 2 compared modality preferences in children using cochlear implants participating in an auditory emphasized therapy approach to the children with normal hearing from Experiment 1. A second objective in both experiments was to evaluate the role of familiarity in these preferences. Participants were exposed to randomized blocks of photographs and sounds of ten familiar and ten unfamiliar animals in auditory-only, visual-only and auditory-visual trials. Results indicated an overall auditory preference in children, regardless of hearing status, and a visual preference in adults. Familiarity only affected modality preferences in adults who showed a strong visual preference to unfamiliar stimuli only. The similar degree of auditory responses in children with hearing loss to those from children with normal hearing is an original finding and lends support to an auditory emphasis for habilitation.

Auditory preferences of young children with and without hearing loss for meaningful auditory-visual compound stimuli.

To determine the effectiveness of 2 interventions for different aspects of emotion-processing deficits in adults with acquired brain injury (ABI).

Training emotional processing in persons with brain injury.

Difficulties in communication and social relationships present a formidable challenge for many people after traumatic brain injury (TBI). These difficulties are likely to be partially attributable to problems with emotion perception. Mounting evidence shows facial affect recognition to be particularly difficult after TBI. However, no attempt has been made to systematically estimate the magnitude of this problem or the frequency with which it occurs.

Meta-analysis of facial affect recognition difficulties after traumatic brain injury.

To investigate if olfaction is associated with affect recognition and empathy deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prior research has shown that TBI often leads to loss of smell. We hypothesized a relationship with emotion perception, because the neural substrates of the olfactory system overlap with the ventral circuitry of the orbital frontal cortex, which play a critical role in affective responses, such as empathy.

Affect recognition, empathy, and dysosmia after traumatic brain injury.

To determine (1) alexithymia, affect recognition, and empathy differences in participants with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI); (2) the amount of affect recognition variance explained by alexithymia; and (3) the amount of empathy variance explained by alexithymia and affect recognition.

Relationships between alexithymia, affect recognition, and empathy after traumatic brain injury.

There is considerable evidence suggesting facial affect recognition and cognitive functions are impaired in many people with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about the relationship between these two domains in the TBI population.

The relationship between facial affect recognition and cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury.

To compare affect recognition by people with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI) for (1) unimodal and context-enriched multimodal media; (2) positive (happy) and negative emotions; and (3) neutral multimodal stimuli.

Affect recognition in traumatic brain injury: responses to unimodal and multimodal media.

Studies of facial affect recognition by people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have shown this to be a significant problem. Vocal affect recognition also appears to be challenging for this population, but little is known about the degree to which one modality is impaired compared to the other. This study compared facial and vocal affect recognition of high and low intensity emotion expressions in people with moderate-to-severe TBI.

Recognition of facial and vocal affect following traumatic brain injury.

To examine the effectiveness of 2 affect recognition interventions (Faces and Stories) in people with a traumatic brain injury.

A randomized controlled trial of emotion recognition training after traumatic brain injury.

To explore validity of an assessment tool under development-the Emotional Inferencing from Stories Test (EIST). This measure is being designed to assess the ability of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to make inferences about the emotional state of others solely from contextual cues.

Article	Year
Overview of impaired facial affect recognition in persons with traumatic brain injury. Brain injury\| PubMed ID: 17676438	2007
The importance of vocal affect to bimodal processing of emotion: implications for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Journal of communication disorders\| PubMed ID: 18692197	2009
Auditory preferences of young children with and without hearing loss for meaningful auditory-visual compound stimuli. Journal of communication disorders\| PubMed ID: 19464698	2009
Training emotional processing in persons with brain injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 19858965	2009
Meta-analysis of facial affect recognition difficulties after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology\| PubMed ID: 21463043	2011
Affect recognition, empathy, and dysosmia after traumatic brain injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 22446155	2012
Relationships between alexithymia, affect recognition, and empathy after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 23407425	2014
The relationship between facial affect recognition and cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury. Brain injury\| PubMed ID: 23895556	2013
Affect recognition in traumatic brain injury: responses to unimodal and multimodal media. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 23982789	2014
Recognition of facial and vocal affect following traumatic brain injury. Brain injury\| PubMed ID: 24701988	2014
A randomized controlled trial of emotion recognition training after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 24842590	2015
Exploration of a new tool for assessing emotional inferencing after traumatic brain injury. Brain injury\| PubMed ID: 25950265	2015

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