frequency-mixing-magnetic-detection-scanner-for-imaging-magnetic

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

The setup of a planar Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) scanner for performing Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI) of flat samples is presented. ...

Electronics & Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI)

Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) was used to detect superoxide from hypoxanthine and xanthine reaction and to detect hydroxyl radical from the Fenton reaction. FMMD was also applied to measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level released from microglial cells. We could assess the formation and extinction of the free radicals without a spin trap reagent. The FMMD signal amplitude scaled with the concentration of the radicals. It was verified that no signals are obtained from the substrates and reagents. Based on the observations and on previous research, we suggest that the FMMD signals originate from superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, indicating that FMMD can be used to detect O-centered radicals. Subsequent analysis of free radicals generated from living microglial cells showed that there were significant differences between the activated microglial cells and resting ones. The results of this research are promising regarding the applications of FMMD for in situ measurement of free radicals from various sources, including the cell.

In situ measurement of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by frequency mixing detection technique.

We present the first experimental results of our planar-Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) technique to obtain Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI). The p-FMMD scanner consists of two magnetic measurement heads with intermediate space for the analysis of the sample. The magnetic signal originates from the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of superparamagnetic particles as in case of the usual MPI scanner. However, the detection principle is different. Standard MPI records the higher order harmonic response of particles at a field-free point or line. By contrast, FMMD records a sum-frequency component generated from both a high and a low frequency magnetic field incident on the magnetically nonlinear particles. As compared to conventional MPI scanner, there is no limit on the lateral dimensions of the sample; just the sample height is limited to 2 mm. In addition, the technique does not require a strong magnetic field or gradient because of the mixing of the two different frequencies. In this study, we acquired an 18 mm × 18 mm image of a string sample decorated with 100 nm diameter magnetic particles, using the p-FMMD technique. The results showed that it is feasible to use this novel MPI scanner for biological analysis and medical diagnostic purposes.

Magnetic particle imaging with a planar frequency mixing magnetic detection scanner.

We report on the optoelectronic characterization of Ge p-i-n infrared photodetector fabricated on Ge-on-Si substrate using rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD). The phosphorous doping concentration and the root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of epitaxial layer was estimated to be 2 x 10(18) cm(-3) and 1.2 nm, respectively. The photodetector were characterized with respect to their dark, photocurrent and responsivities in the wavelength range of 1530-1630 nm. At 1550 nm wavelength, responsivity of 0.32 A/W was measured for a reverse bias of 1 V, corresponding to 25% external quantum efficiency, without an optimal antireflection coating. Responsivity drastically reduced from 1560 nm wavelength which could be attributed to decreased absorption of Ge at room temperature.

Optoelectronic Characterization of Infrared Photodetector Fabricated on Ge-on-Si Substrate.

We represent the experimental results of our planar-frequency mixing magnetic detection (p-FMMD) technique to obtain 2D superparamagnetic images for magnetic immunoassay purpose. The imaging of magnetic beads is based on the nonlinear magnetic characteristics inherent in superparamagnetic materials. The p-FMMD records the sum-frequency components originating from both a high and a low frequency magnetic field incident on the magnetically nonlinear nanoparticles. In this study, we apply the p-FMMD technique to 2D scanning imaging of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in a microfluidic platform. Our p-FMMD system enables to acquire planar images of SPIONs filled in a microchannel as narrow as 30µm in width. The minimum detectable amount is ~1.0×10(8) beads of 100nm size. The system shows a spatial resolution enabling to distinguish between two distinct channels even 2mm apart from each other. Our p-FMMD system as a magnetic immunoassaying system has permitted the detection of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), a promising biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, at the minimum concentration of 23.8pg/ml. This may enable the identification of the Aβ42 levels for the early-stage of Alzheimer's disease with the assistance of the MPI using p-FMMD technique. The results show that the deployment of the p-FMMD can be an alternative to conventional biosensing analytical methods, and can be used as a fast and portable screening method.

Article	Year
In situ measurement of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by frequency mixing detection technique. Analytical biochemistry\| PubMed ID: 24275019	2014
Magnetic particle imaging with a planar frequency mixing magnetic detection scanner. The Review of scientific instruments\| PubMed ID: 24517773	2014
Optoelectronic Characterization of Infrared Photodetector Fabricated on Ge-on-Si Substrate. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology\| PubMed ID: 26726423	2015
Magnetic immunoassay platform based on the planar frequency mixing magnetic technique. Biosensors & bioelectronics\| PubMed ID: 27135936	2016

Hyobong Hong

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