fast-simplified-method-for-high-through-put-isolation-mirna-from

Fast and Simplified Method for High Through-put Isolation of miRNA from Highly Purified High Density Lipoprotein

Small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of human diseases including metabolic syndromes. They may be utilized as biomarkers for ...

Virginia Commonwealth University

Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) have impaired driving skills, but association of MHE with motor vehicle crashes is unclear. Standard psychometric tests (SPT) or inhibitory control test (ICT) can be used to diagnose MHE. The aim was to determine the association of MHE with crashes and traffic violations over the preceding year and on 1-year follow-up. Patients with cirrhosis were diagnosed with MHE by ICT (MHEICT) and SPT (MHESPT). Self and department-of-transportation (DOT)-reports were used to determine crashes and violations over the preceding year. Agreement between self and DOT-reports was analyzed. Patients then underwent 1-year follow-up for crash/violation occurrence. Crashes in those with/without MHEICT and MHESPT were compared. 167 patients with cirrhosis had DOT-reports, of which 120 also had self-reports. A significantly higher proportion of MHEICT patients with cirrhosis experienced crashes in the preceding year compared to those without MHE by self-report (17% vs 0.0%, P = 0.0004) and DOT-reports (17% vs 3%, P = 0.004, relative risk: 5.77). SPT did not differentiate between those with/without crashes. A significantly higher proportion of patients with crashes had MHEICT compared to MHESPT, both self-reported (100% vs 50%, P = 0.03) and DOT-reported (89% vs 44%, P = 0.01). There was excellent agreement between self and DOT-reports for crashes and violations (Kappa 0.90 and 0.80). 109 patients were followed prospectively. MHEICT patients had a significantly higher future crashes/violations compared to those without (22% vs 7%, P = 0.03) but MHESPT did not. MHEICT (Odds ratio: 4.51) and prior year crash/violation (Odds ratio: 2.96) were significantly associated with future crash/violation occurrence.

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with motor vehicle crashes: the reality beyond the driving test.

Liver disease has been associated with cardiovascular disorders, but little is known about the relationship between serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and markers of atherogenesis. We investigated the relationship between low-normal and high-normal levels of ALT and an extended panel of cardiovascular risk factors among individuals with no known diseases in a primary care setting.

Association between high-normal levels of alanine aminotransferase and risk factors for atherogenesis.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; a reliable noninvasive method of detection is needed. We aimed to validate noninvasive means of identifying steatosis in HIV-positive patients. We performed a single-center retrospective study to validate the abilities of the liver fat score (LFS) and the lipid accumulation product (LAP) to detect hepatic steatosis in HIV-positive patients, compared with HIV-negative individuals (controls); NAFLD was confirmed by histology, and findings were compared with those from ultrasonography. These models then were validated in HIV-positive patients with NAFLD vs patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, without hepatic steatosis. LFS identified hepatic steatosis in HIV-positive subjects, compared with controls, with an area under the receiver operating curve value of 0.971 ± 0.027 (95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.000). At a cut-off value of -0.945, the LFS identified patients with steatosis with 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity. At a cut-off of value of -0.234, the LFS differentiated between HIV-positive subjects with NAFLD and patients co-infected with HIV and HCV with 100% sensitivity and 74% specificity. LAP scores ≥38 identified HIV-positive patients with steatosis with 89% sensitivity and 83% specificity. LAP scores ≥42 differentiated between HIV-positive subjects with steatosis and patients co-infected with HIV and HCV with 89% specificity and 70% sensitivity. We validated the accuracy of LFS and LAP in detecting hepatic steatosis in HIV-positive patients.

Validation of noninvasive methods for detecting hepatic steatosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated independently with increased cardiovascular mortality. Although NAFLD is associated with dyslipidemia, it is not clear whether recently identified markers of cardiovascular risk indicate liver disease progression in patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD. We evaluated an extensive panel of serum markers of cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic patients with histologically proven NAFLD.

Severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and progression to cirrhosis are associated with atherogenic lipoprotein profile.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a histological spectrum ranging from benign hepatic steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR), and although the role of IR in NAFLD has been an area of intense investigation, there are limited data on pancreatic β-cell function.

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Is Associated with a Decline in Pancreatic Beta Cell (β-Cell) Function.

In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, presence of fibrosis is predictive of long-term liver-related complications. Currently, there are no reliable and non-invasive means of quantifying fibrosis in those with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performance of a panel of non-invasive models in predicting fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Performance of non-invasive models of fibrosis in predicting mild to moderate fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. However, it remains unclear if hypercoagulability contributes to this risk. We, therefore, determined an in depth hemostatic profile in a cohort of well-defined patients with NAFLD.

Article	Year
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with motor vehicle crashes: the reality beyond the driving test. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)\| PubMed ID: 19670416	2009
Association between high-normal levels of alanine aminotransferase and risk factors for atherogenesis. Gastroenterology\| PubMed ID: 23973920	2013
Validation of noninvasive methods for detecting hepatic steatosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association\| PubMed ID: 25004459	2015
Severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and progression to cirrhosis are associated with atherogenic lipoprotein profile. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association\| PubMed ID: 25311381	2015
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Is Associated with a Decline in Pancreatic Beta Cell (β-Cell) Function. Digestive diseases and sciences\| PubMed ID: 25784075	2015
Performance of non-invasive models of fibrosis in predicting mild to moderate fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver\| PubMed ID: 26713759	2016
Preserved hemostatic status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of hepatology\| PubMed ID: 27302378	2016

Sherry Boyett

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