an-anesthesia-surgery-harvest-method-for-evaluation-transpedicular

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an <em>In Vivo</em> Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

Pedicle screw fixation is the gold standard for the treatment of spinal diseases. However, many studies have reported the issue of loosening pedicle ...

Inje University Busan Paik Hospital

Molecular recognition and discrimination of carbohydrates are important because carbohydrates perform essential roles in most living organisms for energy metabolism and cell-to-cell communication. Nevertheless, it is difficult to identify or distinguish various carbohydrate molecules owing to the lack of a significant distinction in the physical or chemical characteristics. Although there has been considerable effort to develop a sensing platform for individual carbohydrates selectively using chemical receptors or an ensemble array, their detection and discrimination limits have been as high in the millimolar concentration range. Here we show a highly sensitive and selective detection method for the discrimination of carbohydrate molecules using nano-slot-antenna array-based sensing chips which operate in the terahertz (THz) frequency range (0.5-2.5 THz). This THz metamaterial sensing tool recognizes various types of carbohydrate molecules over a wide range of molecular concentrations. Strongly localized and enhanced terahertz transmission by nano-antennas can effectively increase the molecular absorption cross sections, thereby enabling the detection of these molecules even at low concentrations. We verified the performance of nano-antenna sensing chip by both THz spectra and images of transmittance. Screening and identification of various carbohydrates can be applied to test even real market beverages with a high sensitivity and selectivity.

Highly sensitive and selective sugar detection by terahertz nano-antennas.

Layer-stacking domain walls in bilayer graphene are emerging as a fascinating one-dimensional system that features stacking solitons structurally and quantum valley Hall boundary states electronically. The interactions between electrons in the 2D graphene domains and the one-dimensional domain-wall solitons can lead to further new quantum phenomena. Domain-wall solitons of varied local structures exist along different crystallographic orientations, which can exhibit distinct electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Here we report soliton-dependent 2D graphene plasmon reflection at different 1D domain-wall solitons in bilayer graphene using near-field infrared nanoscopy. We observe various domain-wall structures in mechanically exfoliated graphene bilayers, including network-forming triangular lattices, individual straight or bent lines, and even closed circles. The near-field infrared contrast of domain-wall solitons arises from plasmon reflection at domain walls, and exhibits markedly different behaviours at the tensile- and shear-type domain-wall solitons. In addition, the plasmon reflection at domain walls exhibits a peculiar dependence on electrostatic gating. Our study demonstrates the unusual and tunable coupling between 2D graphene plasmons and domain-wall solitons.

Soliton-dependent plasmon reflection at bilayer graphene domain walls.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and p53 expression with prognosis in patients with conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of conventional RCC from 92 patients, who had undergone radical nephrectomy, were examined for COX-2 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathological variables. The COX-2 expression significantly correlated only with tumor size (p=0.049), whereas the p53 expression profoundly correlated with the TNM stage (p=0.024), M stage (p=0.001), and metastasis (synchronous or metachronous; p=0.004). The COX-2 overexpression did not significantly associate with p53 positivity (p=0.821). The survival rate of patients correlated with the p53 expression (p<0.0001) but not with the COX-2 expression (p=0.7506). Multivariate analyses indicated that tumor size, M stage, and p53 expression were independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival. The COX-2 expression was not an independent factor. These results show that the increased expression of p53 was associated with metastasis and a worse prognosis in conventional RCC, which suggests that p53 might have played an important role in the progression of conventional RCC. The increased expression of COX-2 was associated only with tumor size, but may not be an important prognostic factor in conventional RCC. No association was observed between COX-2 overexpression and p53 positivity in conventional RCC.

Cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 expression as prognostic indicators in conventional renal cell carcinoma.

We study the scattering properties of an optical slot antenna formed from a narrow rectangular hole in a metal film. We show that slot antennas can be modeled as bound charge oscillators mediating resonant light scattering. A simple closed-form expression for the scattering spectrum of a slot antenna is obtained that reveals the nature of a bound charge oscillator and also the effect of a substrate. We find that the spectral width of scattering resonance is dominated by a radiative damping caused by the Abraham-Lorentz force acting on a bound charge. The bound charge oscillator model provides not only an intuitive physical picture for the scattering of an optical slot antenna but also reasonable numerical agreements with rigorous calculations using the finite-difference time-domain method.

Slot antenna as a bound charge oscillator.

We report on a 21-year-old man with fever, dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. An electrocardiography showed ST elevation in multiple lead and thoracic echocardiography revealed moderate pericardial effusion. He was initially diagnosed with acute pericarditis, and treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicines with clinical and laboratory improvement. After 1 month of medication, his symptoms recurred. An echocardiography showed constrictive physiology and the patient was treated with steroid on the top of current medication. The patient had been well for 7 months until dyspnea and edema developed, when an echocardiography showed marked increased pericardial thickness and constriction. Pericardial biopsy was performed and primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma was diagnosed. Malignancy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent pericarditis.

Primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma presenting as acute pericarditis.

Metals can transmit light by tunnelling when they possess skin-depth thickness. Tunnelling can be resonantly enhanced if resonators are added to each side of a metal film, such as additional dielectric layers or periodic structures on a metal surface. Here we show that, even with no additional resonators, tunnelling resonance can arise if the metal film is confined and fractionally thin. In a slit waveguide filled with a negative permittivity metallic slab of thickness L, resonance is shown to arise at fractional thicknesses (L = Const./m; m = 1,2,3,…) by the excitation of 'vortex plasmons'. We experimentally demonstrate fractional tunnelling resonance and vortex plasmons using microwave and negative permittivity metamaterials. The measured spectral peaks of the fractional tunnelling resonance and modes of the vortex plasmons agree with theoretical predictions. Fractional tunnelling resonance and vortex plasmons open new perspectives in resonance physics and promise potential applications in nanotechnology.

Fractional tunnelling resonance in plasmonic media.

Although hemorrhoids are one of the most common anal diseases among Koreans, risk factors for hemorrhoids have not been well identified.

Factors associated with hemorrhoids in korean adults: korean national health and nutrition examination survey.

Perforation of the cervical esophagus is a rare but life-threatening condition. Cervical esophageal perforation with abscess formation can be usually treated with conservative treatments of simple drainage and antibiotics. Aggressive surgical treatments are considered if conservative treatments fail. But the aggressive treatments have low success rate and high morbidity in cervical esophageal perforation. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was widely used in various complicated wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, open abdomen, pressure ulcers, open fractures, sterna wounds, grafts, and flaps since it had been introduced in 1997. NPWT is known to be a valuable tool in the management of various complicated wounds. In this report, we described a case of intractable cervical esophageal perforation with abscess, which was successfully treated with NPWT after the failure of conservative management.

Negative pressure wound therapy for cervical esophageal perforation with abscess.

The association between smoking and metabolic syndrome has not been clarified, especially for women, probably because of the inaccurate self-reported smoking status. This study aimed to investigate the association between cotinine-verified smoking status and metabolic syndrome.

Association between cotinine-verified smoking status and metabolic syndrome: analyses of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008-2010.

Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic wave has been widely used as a spectroscopic probe to detect the collective vibrational mode in vast molecular systems and investigate dielectric properties of various materials. Recent technological advances in generating intense THz radiation and the emergence of THz plasmonics operating with nanoscale structures have opened up new pathways toward THz applications. Here, we present a new opportunity in engineering the state of matter at the atomic scale using THz wave and a metallic nanostructure. We show that a medium strength THz radiation of 22 kV/cm can induce ionization of ambient carbon atoms through interaction with a metallic nanostructure. The prepared structure, made of a nano slot antenna and a nano island located at the center, acts as a nanogap capacitor and enhances the local electric field by two orders of magnitudes thereby causing the ionization of ambient carbon atoms. Ionization and accumulation of carbon atoms are also observed through the change of the resonant condition of the nano slot antenna and the shift of the characteristic mode in the spectrum of the transmitted THz waves.

Observation of terahertz-radiation-induced ionization in a single nano island.

Primary mantle cell lymphoma of the nasopharynx: a rare clinical entity.

Two-dimensional surface polaritons (2DSPs), such as graphene plasmons, exhibit various unusual properties, including electrical tunability and strong spatial confinement with high Q-factor, which can enable tunable photonic devices for deep subwavelength light manipulations. Reflection of plasmons at the graphene's edge plays a critical role in the manipulation of 2DSP and enables their direct visualization in near-field infrared microscopy. However, a quantitative understanding of the edge-reflections, including reflection phases and diffraction effects, has remained elusive. Here, we show theoretically and experimentally that edge-reflection of 2DSP exhibits unusual behaviors due to the presence of the evanescent waves, including an anomalous Goos-Hänchen phase shift as in total internal reflections and an unexpected even-odd peak amplitude oscillation from the wave diffraction at the edge. Our theory is not only valid for plasmons in graphene but also for other 2D polaritons, such as phonon polaritons in ultrathin boron nitride flakes and exciton polariton in two-dimensional semiconductors.

Goos-Hänchen Shift and Even-Odd Peak Oscillations in Edge-Reflections of Surface Polaritons in Atomically Thin Crystals.

The accessory sacroiliac (SI) joint is not rare and can be one of the causes of lower back pain. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman with chronic lower back pain. Conventional radiography was equivocal, and bone scintigraphy showed a focus of mildly increased uptake in left SI joint region. SPECT/CT revealed increased uptakes in the accessory articulations between both sacral alae and iliac bones, and confirmed the diagnosis of accessory SI joint. This case illustrates the SPECT/CT findings of the accessory SI joint.

The Accessory Sacroiliac Joint Diagnosed With Bone SPECT/CT.

Surface plasmons (SPs) and phonon polaritons (PhPs) are two distinctive quasiparticles resulting from the strong coupling of photons with electrons and optical phonons, respectively. In this Letter, we investigate the interactions between one-dimensional (1D) plasmons in silver nanowires with two-dimensional (2D) surface phonon polaritons of the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate. Using near-field infrared spectroscopy of the silver nanowire-SiC heterostructure at wavelengths close to the phonon resonance of SiC, we observe that the 1D plasmon dispersion is strongly modified by the 2D phonon polaritons in SiC. In particular, we observe for the first time well-defined 1D plasmon oscillations with the plasmon wavelengths longer than the free-space photon wavelengths due to the 1D plasmon-2D phonon polariton coupling. Our work demonstrates that unusual polariton behavior can emerge from interactions between polariton excitons of different dimensionality, which can enable new ways to engineer plasmons in hybrid structures.

Article	Year
Highly sensitive and selective sugar detection by terahertz nano-antennas. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 26494203	2015
Soliton-dependent plasmon reflection at bilayer graphene domain walls. Nature materials\| PubMed ID: 27240109	2016
Cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 expression as prognostic indicators in conventional renal cell carcinoma. Yonsei medical journal\| PubMed ID: 15744816	2005
Slot antenna as a bound charge oscillator. Optics express\| PubMed ID: 22418535	2012
Primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma presenting as acute pericarditis. Journal of cardiovascular ultrasound\| PubMed ID: 22509441	2012
Fractional tunnelling resonance in plasmonic media. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 23939460	2013
Factors associated with hemorrhoids in korean adults: korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Korean journal of family medicine\| PubMed ID: 25309703	2014
Negative pressure wound therapy for cervical esophageal perforation with abscess. Auris, nasus, larynx\| PubMed ID: 25510951	2015
Association between cotinine-verified smoking status and metabolic syndrome: analyses of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008-2010. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders\| PubMed ID: 25621906	2015
Observation of terahertz-radiation-induced ionization in a single nano island. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 25998840	2015
Primary mantle cell lymphoma of the nasopharynx: a rare clinical entity. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology\| PubMed ID: 26141204	2015
Goos-Hänchen Shift and Even-Odd Peak Oscillations in Edge-Reflections of Surface Polaritons in Atomically Thin Crystals. Nano letters\| PubMed ID: 28165748	2017
The Accessory Sacroiliac Joint Diagnosed With Bone SPECT/CT. Clinical nuclear medicine\| PubMed ID: 28288044	2017
Coupled One-Dimensional Plasmons and Two-Dimensional Phonon Polaritons in Hybrid Silver Nanowire/Silicon Carbide Structures. Nano letters\| PubMed ID: 28460175	2017

Ji-Hun Kang

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