stromal-vascular-fraction-enriched-fat-grafting-for-treatment

Stromal Vascular Fraction-enriched Fat Grafting for the Treatment of Symptomatic End-neuromata

The purpose of this study was to methodically illustrate and highlight the crucial steps of stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-enriched fat grafting as a ...

University Hospital Zurich

Peripheral neuromas can result in an unbearable neuropathic pain and functional impairment. Their treatment is still challenging, and their optimal management is to be defined. Experimental research still plays a major role, but - although numerous neuroma models have been proposed on different animals - there is still no single model recognised as being the reference. Several models show advantages over the others in specific aspects of neuroma physiopathology, prevention or treatment, making it unlikely that a single model could be of reference. A reproducible and standardised model of peripheral neuroma would allow better comparison of results from different studies. We present a systematic review of the literature on experimental in vivo models, analysing advantages and disadvantages, specific features and indications, with the goal of providing suggestions to help their standardisation. Published models greatly differ in the animal and the nerve employed, the mechanisms of nerve injury and the evaluation methods. Specific experimental models exist for terminal neuromas and neuromas in continuity (NIC). The rat is the most widely employed animal, the rabbit being the second most popular model. NIC models are more actively researched, but it is more difficult to generate such studies in a reproducible manner. Nerve transection is considered the best method to cause terminal neuromas, whereas partial transection is the best method to cause NIC. Traditional histomorphology is the historical gold-standard evaluation method, but immunolabelling, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and proteomics are gaining increasing popularity. Computerised gait analysis is the gold standard for motor-recovery evaluation, whereas mechanical testing of allodynia and hyperalgesia reproducibly assesses sensory recovery. This review summarises current knowledge on experimental neuroma models, and it provides a useful tool for defining experimental protocols. Furthermore, it could help future research to define standard experimental model(s) of peripheral neuromas, allowing better comparison of results and improvement of our understanding of such a complex disease.

A systematic review of animal models for experimental neuroma.

Reconstruction of the distal phalanx bone in cases with painful nonunion is a rare and challenging problem. To restore anatomy and to provide a good cover for the bone graft, an intact nailbed is often required due to the proximity of these 2 structures. We present 3 cases of distal phalanx reconstruction performed with a free corticocancellous bone graft from the distal radius and nailbed reconstruction with a homodigital dorsal reverse adipofascial flap based on an exteriorized pedicle that avoids the dissection of the germinal matrix of the nail. All bone grafts consolidated and all flaps survived. All nail plates grew back with no deformity. In this rare but challenging problem, our combined technique appears to be a valid option that enhances the possibility of good bone healing and maximizes the cosmetic result.

Treatment of Painful Nonunion of the Distal Phalanx in the Finger With Bone Graft and Dorsal Reverse Adipofascial Flap Based on an Exteriorized Pedicle.

Digital replantation is a well-established and increasingly common procedure in specialized hand surgery units worldwide. Replantation after complex trauma is often challenging due to severely injured, small-diameter vessels, especially at the distal level. Digit salvage by arteriovenous anastomosis has been inadequately described in the literature for such cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and complications of arteriovenous digital replantation in complex amputations. We reviewed five cases of digital replantation using a single palmar afferent arteriovenous anastomosis and drainage via a dorsal vein. The postoperative protocol followed our standard replantation protocol. All digits survived with no revision procedures. No major complications were observed. One digit developed partial epidermolysis and one thumb developed marginal skin necrosis, both treated conservatively. The color of the replanted digits was not a reliable monitoring parameter but capillary refill was consistently visible. Microangiography performed four months after surgery demonstrated good digit perfusion. Our results support palmar arteriovenous anastomosis as a reliable alternative in digital replantation if distal arteries are unavailable for anastomosis. The results also suggest that this digit salvage procedure can be carried out at a more proximal level than previously reported.

Replantation by palmar arteriovenous anastomosis in complex finger amputations.

As the sophistication of functional reconstruction procedures continues to increase, so does the need for valid, precise, and reliable instruments to assess their clinical results. The authors compare two tests for spatial resolution and two for cutaneous pressure threshold in an adult patient cohort having undergone microsurgical digital nerve repair after traumatic transection.

Evaluation of Cutaneous Spatial Resolution and Pressure Threshold Secondary to Digital Nerve Repair.

None of the existing treatments in the management of painful end-neuromas of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) has been proven superior due to high levels of pain relapse. Fat grafts enriched with the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) could act as a mechanic barrier with biological effects decreasing the resorption rate and boosting the graft's regenerative potential. This study describes the novel surgical treatment technique of SVF-enriched fat grafting.

The novel treatment of SVF-enriched fat grafting for painful end-neuromas of superficial radial nerve.

Skin coverage in hand reconstruction is a challenging and vast chapter in hand surgery; covering every aspect of it in a report is simply not feasible. Therefore, this report focuses on a few specific topics. The coverage of anatomical regions like the fingertips is common ground for hand surgeons worldwide, but in the last 10 years, various refinements have been published in order to optimize the reconstruction of this organ. Nevertheless, in many emergency departments, the amputation of badly injured fingertips, including the thumb, remains the preferred treatment. The main focus of this report is to counter this tendency by providing alternatives to surgeons. Large defects in the fingers involving more than one segment, defects in the palm and in the dorsum of the hand are currently debated in international meetings. The use of skin substitutes vs. the use of extremely refined microsurgical procedures vs. classic island flaps has generated animated discussions, which are also influenced by cultural and socioeconomic factors around the world. This report offers the views of six surgeons from four different countries, in the hope of animating discussions and suggesting new approaches.

IFSSH scientific committee on skin coverage: 2015 report.

A severely painful, dysfunctional, or destroyed distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) can be reconstructed by fusion, interposition of soft tissue, or by arthroplasty using prostheses.The objective of this study was to review the literature on implants and evaluate their effectiveness in terms of pain relief, range of motion and longevity.A search was carried out using protocols and well-defined criteria in PubMed, the Cochrane Library and by screening reference lists. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.Of the 27 publications reporting on nine different implants, we excluded reports with less than five cases and silastic replacements of the ulna head. Eighteen publications describing a total of five implants were selected for analysis. Nine of the publications were useful for the evaluation of implant longevity. Despite methodological shortcomings in many of the source documents, a summary estimate was possible.It seems that DRUJ implants have good potential to improve function through pain reduction; an improvement was observed in 17 series, although it was significant in only seven series.Instability is not uncommon with ulna head-only implants, but they cause fewer clinical problems and re-interventions than might be expected.The risk of deep infection is small with the available implants.Overall implant survival in papers with at least five years' follow-up is 95%, with a slightly better longevity of 98% for the constrained implants.Periprosthetic osteolysis/radiolucency is frequently reported. Its causes and consequences are not clarified. Cite this article: Calcagni M, Giesen T. Distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty with implants: a systematic review. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:191-196. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.160008.

Distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty with implants: a systematic review.

In this report a case of closed mallet thumb injury is described, which was diagnosed clinically and indication for surgical treatment was confirmed with ultrasound examination. The EPL-tendon was successfully reconstructed with an excellent result. We propose a mandatory ultrasound examination of all closed mallet thumb injuries.

Closed mallet thumb injury treated surgically: a case report.

The protocol for primary flexor tendon repair in zones 1 and 2 of the hand is changing. This article discusses recent changes. Immediate repair within 48 hours is performed whenever possible. A 6-strand core suture is performed using the M modification of Tang's technique. The pulleys are divided to allow free excursion of the repaired tendon within the tendon sheath. To avoid repaired structures within the sheath being too bulky, the authors generally repair only half of the flexor digitorum superficialis. In some cases, the flexor digitorum superficialis is excised completely. Rehabilitation remains based on controlled active motion.

Primary Flexor Tendon Repair with Early Active Motion: Experience in Europe.

Common hand problems are treated differently in different countries. This article attempts to bring together the views of surgeons from different countries on some of the most common hand problems that hand surgeons encounter in daily practice. In practice, the correct treatment of these problems may be the most important and influential to patients.

Article	Year
A systematic review of animal models for experimental neuroma. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS\| PubMed ID: 26113274	2015
Treatment of Painful Nonunion of the Distal Phalanx in the Finger With Bone Graft and Dorsal Reverse Adipofascial Flap Based on an Exteriorized Pedicle. Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery\| PubMed ID: 26197153	2015
Replantation by palmar arteriovenous anastomosis in complex finger amputations. Chirurgie de la main\| PubMed ID: 26404796	2015
Evaluation of Cutaneous Spatial Resolution and Pressure Threshold Secondary to Digital Nerve Repair. Plastic and reconstructive surgery\| PubMed ID: 27018675	2016
The novel treatment of SVF-enriched fat grafting for painful end-neuromas of superficial radial nerve. Microsurgery\| PubMed ID: 27731522	2016
IFSSH scientific committee on skin coverage: 2015 report. Hand surgery & rehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 27781975	2016
Distal radioulnar joint arthroplasty with implants: a systematic review. EFORT open reviews\| PubMed ID: 28461947	2016
Closed mallet thumb injury treated surgically: a case report. Case reports in plastic surgery & hand surgery\| PubMed ID: 28470031	2017
Primary Flexor Tendon Repair with Early Active Motion: Experience in Europe. Hand clinics\| PubMed ID: 28673623	2017
Common Hand Problems with Different Treatments in Countries in Asia and Europe. Hand clinics\| PubMed ID: 28673632	2017

Thomas Giesen

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