a-modified-yeast-one-hybrid-system-for-heteromeric-protein-complex

A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies

Over the years, the yeast one-hybrid assay has proven to be an important technique for the identification and validation of physical interactions between ...

University of Southern California

WRKY &#x8F6C;&#x5F55;&#x56E0;&#x5B50; &#xFF08;TFs&#xFF09; &#x662F;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x548C;&#x975E;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x80C1;&#x8FEB;&#x3001; &#x8870;&#x8001;&#x3001; &#x79CD;&#x5B50;&#x4F11;&#x7720;&#x548C;&#x840C;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x76D1;&#x7BA1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#x3002;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7; 15 &#x5E74;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x9650;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x636E;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x5DF2;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6697;&#x793A; WRKY TFs &#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x53D1;&#x6325;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x8C03;&#x8282;&#x7684;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x6FC0;&#x7D20;&#x8131;&#x843D;&#x9178; (ABA)&#xFF0C;&#x5C24;&#x5176;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B; WRKY TFs &#x7684;&#x56DE;&#x5E94;&#x662F; ABA &#x8BF1;&#x5BFC;&#x578B; repressors &#x7684;&#x79CD;&#x5B50;&#x840C;&#x53D1;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#x7684; WRKY TFs &#x4E2D; ABA &#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x548C;&#x53C2;&#x4E0E;&#x7684;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x7684;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x4ECD;&#x7136;&#x4E0D;&#x6E05;&#x695A;&#x3002;&#x963F;&#x575D;&#x5DDE;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x91CD;&#x5927;&#x8FDB;&#x5C55;&#x5DF2;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x653E;&#x7279;&#x5B9A; WRKY TFs &#x575A;&#x5B9A;&#x5730;&#x5728;&#x963F;&#x575D;&#x53CD;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x8F6C;&#x5BFC;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x5728;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x62DF;&#x5357;&#x82A5; WRKY TFs &#x4F3C;&#x4E4E;&#x884C;&#x4E8B;&#x4E0B;&#x6E38;&#x53D7;&#x4F53;&#x963F;&#x575D;&#x5DDE;&#x81F3;&#x5C11;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#xFF1A; &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x8D28;&#x7684;&#x758F;&#x5E72; PYL RCAR-&#x86CB;&#x767D;&#x78F7;&#x9178;&#x9176; 2 C-&#x963F;&#x575D;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x548C;&#x53F6;&#x7EFF;&#x4F53;&#x4FE1;&#x5C01;&#x4F4D;&#x4E8E;&#x963F;&#x575D;-&#x963F;&#x575D;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x3002;&#x4F53;&#x5185;&#x548C;&#x4F53;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x5B50;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x57FA;&#x56E0; WRKY tfs &#x6240;&#x6D89;&#x53CA;&#x7684; ABA &#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x5305;&#x62EC; ABF2&#x3001; ABF4&#x3001; ABI4&#x3001; ABI5&#x3001; MYB2&#x3001; DREB1a&#x3001; DREB2a &#x548C; RAB18 &#x7B49;&#x77E5;&#x540D;&#x963F;&#x575D;&#x53CD;&#x5E94;&#x57FA;&#x56E0;&#x3002;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x8F6C;&#x5BFC;&#x901A;&#x8DEF;&#x4E0B;&#x6E38;&#x7684; WRKY TFs &#x4E2D;&#x4EA6;&#x6709;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x4EBA;&#x4EEC;&#x719F;&#x77E5;&#x80C1;&#x8FEB;&#x8BF1;&#x5BFC;&#x57FA;&#x56E0; RD29A &#x548C; COR47 &#x7B49;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x89C1;&#x89E3;&#x8FD8;&#x63ED;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B; WRKY TFs &#x662F;&#x79EF;&#x6781;&#x76D1;&#x7BA1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#x7684;&#x963F;&#x575D;&#x4ECB;&#x5BFC;&#x6C14;&#x5B54;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5E72;&#x65F1;&#x7684;&#x53CD;&#x5E94;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x8BB8;&#x591A; WRKY TFs &#x7684;&#x79CD;&#x5B50;&#x53D1;&#x82BD;&#x3001; &#x8D1F;&#x76D1;&#x7BA1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x79CD;&#x5B50;&#x53D1;&#x82BD;&#x5F00;&#x82B1;&#x690D;&#x7269; WRKY TFs &#x7684;&#x5B50;&#x96C6;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4E24;&#x8005;&#x5408;&#x8BA1;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8868;&#x660E; WRKY TFs &#x662F;&#x963F;&#x575D;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x3002;

WRKY &#x8F6C;&#x5F55;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A; &#x5173;&#x952E;&#x96F6;&#x90E8;&#x4EF6;&#x5728;&#x8131;&#x843D;&#x9178;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x3002;

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of many plant processes, including the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, senescence, seed dormancy and seed germination. For over 15â€ƒyears, limited evidence has been available suggesting that WRKY TFs may play roles in regulating plant responses to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), notably some WRKY TFs are ABA-inducible repressors of seed germination. However, the roles of WRKY TFs in other aspects of ABA signalling, and the mechanisms involved, have remained unclear. Recent significant progress in ABA research has now placed specific WRKY TFs firmly in ABA-responsive signalling pathways, where they act at multiple levels. In Arabidopsis, WRKY TFs appear to act downstream of at least two ABA receptors: the cytoplasmic PYR/PYL/RCAR-protein phosphatase 2C-ABA complex and the chloroplast envelope-located ABAR-ABA complex. In vivo and in vitro promoter-binding studies show that the target genes for WRKY TFs that are involved in ABA signalling include well-known ABA-responsive genes such as ABF2, ABF4, ABI4, ABI5, MYB2, DREB1a, DREB2a and RAB18. Additional well-characterized stress-inducible genes such as RD29A and COR47 are also found in signalling pathways downstream of WRKY TFs. These new insights also reveal that some WRKY TFs are positive regulators of ABA-mediated stomatal closure and hence drought responses. Conversely, many WRKY TFs are negative regulators of seed germination, and controlling seed germination appears a common function of a subset of WRKY TFs in flowering plants. Taken together, these new data demonstrate that WRKY TFs are key nodes in ABA-responsive signalling networks.

WRKY transcription factors: key components in abscisic acid signalling.

Facteurs de transcription WRKY (TFS) sont des r&#xE9;gulateurs cl&#xE9;s de proc&#xE9;d&#xE9;s de l&#x26;#39;usine de nombreux, y compris les r&#xE9;ponses aux stress biotiques et abiotiques, la dormance des graines s&#xE9;nescence, et la germination des graines. Depuis plus de 15 ans, peu de preuves a &#xE9;t&#xE9; disponible sugg&#xE9;rant que FO WRKY peuvent jouer un r&#xF4;le dans la r&#xE9;gulation de r&#xE9;actions des plantes &#xE0; l&#x26;#39;acide phytohormone abscissique (ABA), notamment certains facteurs de transcription sont WRKY ABA-inductibles r&#xE9;presseurs de la germination des graines. Cependant, les r&#xF4;les de TFS WRKY dans d&#x26;#39;autres aspects de signalisation de l&#x26;#39;ABA, et les m&#xE9;canismes impliqu&#xE9;s, ont demeuraient floues. Les r&#xE9;cents progr&#xE8;s important dans la recherche ABA a maintenant plac&#xE9; sp&#xE9;cifiques FO WRKY fermement en ABA-sensibles des voies de signalisation, o&#xF9; ils agissent &#xE0; plusieurs niveaux. Chez Arabidopsis, FO WRKY semblent agir en aval des r&#xE9;cepteurs de l&#x26;#39;ABA au moins deux: le PYR cytoplasmique / PYL / RCAR-prot&#xE9;ine phosphatase 2C-ABA complexe et le chloroplaste enveloppe situ&#xE9;e ABAR-ABA complexe. In vivo et in vitro promoteur de liaison des &#xE9;tudes montrent que les g&#xE8;nes cibles de facteurs de transcription WRKY qui sont impliqu&#xE9;s dans signalisation de l&#x26;#39;ABA sont bien connus ABA-g&#xE8;nes sensibles tels que l&#x26;#39;ABF2, ABF4, les ABI4, les ABI5, les MYB2, les DREB1a, DREB2a et RAB18. D&#x26;#39;autres bien caract&#xE9;ris&#xE9;s stress g&#xE8;nes inductibles comme RD29A et COR47 sont &#xE9;galement trouv&#xE9; dans les voies de signalisation en aval de TFS WRKY. Ces nouvelles d&#xE9;couvertes montrent &#xE9;galement que certains facteurs de transcription WRKY sont des r&#xE9;gulateurs positifs de l&#x26;#39;ABA-m&#xE9;di&#xE9;e la fermeture des stomates et donc r&#xE9;ponses &#xE0; la s&#xE9;cheresse. A l&#x26;#39;inverse, de nombreux facteurs de transcription WRKY sont des r&#xE9;gulateurs n&#xE9;gatifs de la germination des graines, la germination des graines et de contr&#xF4;le appara&#xEE;t une fonction commune d&#x26;#39;un sous-ensemble de facteurs de transcription WRKY dans les plantes &#xE0; fleurs. Pris ensemble, ces nouvelles donn&#xE9;es d&#xE9;montrent que FO WRKY sont des n&#x153;uds cl&#xE9;s dans les r&#xE9;seaux de signalisation ABA-sensibles.

Facteurs de transcription WRKY: Les composantes cl&#xE9;s de signalisation acide abscissique

WRKY Transkriptionsfaktoren (TFs) sind wichtige Regulatoren vieler Pflanzen-Prozesse, einschlie&szlig;lich der Antworten auf biotische und abiotische betont, Altern, Saatgut Vegetationsruhe und Samenkeimung. Seit &uuml;ber 15 Jahren wurde wenige Anhaltspunkte zur Verf&uuml;gung, was darauf hindeutet, dass WRKY TFs eine Rolle spielen kann bei der Regulierung der Pflanze, die Antworten auf die Phytohormone Abscisic S&auml;ure (ABA), vor allem einige WRKY TFs sind ABA-inducible Repressoren der Samenkeimung. Jedoch sind die Rollen der WRKY TFs in anderen Aspekten der ABA, die Signalisierung und die Mechanismen, unklar geblieben. J&uuml;ngste Fortschritte in der ABA-Forschung hat nun gestellt bestimmte WRKY TFs fest im ABA-responsive Signalwege, wo sie auf mehreren Ebenen handeln. In Arabidopsis, scheinen die WRKY TFs handeln flussabw&auml;rts von mindestens zwei ABA-Rezeptoren: der zytoplasmatischen PYR/PYL/RCAR-Protein Phosphatase-2C-ABA-komplex und der Chloroplast Umschlag befindet sich ABAR-ABA-Komplex. In-vivo und in vitro Projekttr&auml;ger-Bindung-Studien zeigen, dass die Zielgene f&uuml;r WRKY-TFs an der ABA beteiligten Signalisierung geh&ouml;ren bekannte ABA-responsive Gene, wie beispielsweise ABF2, ABF4, ABI4, ABI5, MYB2, DREB1a, DREB2a und RAB18. Zus&auml;tzliche gut charakterisierten Spannung-inducible Gene wie RD29A und COR47 findet man in Signalisierung Bahnen stromabw&auml;rts von WRKY TFs. Diese neuen Erkenntnisse auch zeigen, dass einige WRKY TFs positive Regulatoren der ABA-vermittelte stomatal Schlie&szlig;ung und damit D&uuml;rre Antworten. Umgekehrt viele WRKY TFs sind negative Regulatoren der Samenkeimung und Steuern der Samenkeimung erscheint eine gemeinsame Funktion einer Teilmenge von WRKY TFs in Bl&uuml;tenpflanzen. Zusammengenommen machen diese neuen Daten, dass WRKY TFs wichtiger Knoten im ABA-responsive Signalgebung Netzwerke.

WRKY Transkriptionsfaktoren: als Schl&uuml;sselelemente in Abscisic S&auml;ure zu signalisieren.

Fattori di trascrizione WRKY (TFs) sono regolatori chiave di molti processi di vegetali, tra cui le risposte a stress biotici e abiotici, senescenza, la dormienza del seme e la germinazione dei semi. Da oltre 15 anni, limitate evidenze sono stata disponibile suggerendo che WRKY TFs pu&ograve; giocare ruoli nella regolazione della pianta sono risposte a phytohormone acido abscissico (ABA), in particolare alcuni TFs WRKY ABA-inducible repressori della germinazione dei semi. Tuttavia, i ruoli di WRKY TFs in altri aspetti della ABA segnalamento e i meccanismi coinvolti, sono rimasti poco chiari. Recenti progressi significativi nella ricerca di ABA ha ora disposto specifiche WRKY TFs saldamente nelle vie di segnalazione ABA-reattivo, dove agiscono a pi&ugrave; livelli. In Arabidopsis, TFs WRKY sembrano agire a valle di almeno due recettori ABA: citoplasmatico PYR/PYL/RCAR-proteina fosfatasi 2 C-ABA complesso e il cloroplasto si trova busta ABAR-ABA complesso. Gli studi di promotore-associazione in vivo e in vitro dimostrano che i geni bersaglio per TFs WRKY che sono coinvolti nella ABA segnalazione includono noti geni ABA-reattivo come ABF2, ABF4, ABI4, ABI5, MYB2, DREB1a, DREB2a e RAB18. Altri geni dello stress-inducible ben caratterizzati come RD29A e COR47 si trovano anche nella segnalazione percorsi a valle di WRKY TFs. Queste nuove intuizioni rivelano anche che alcuni WRKY TFs sono positivi regolatori di chiusura stomatica ABA-mediata e quindi le risposte alla siccit&agrave;. Al contrario, molti WRKY TFs sono regolatori negativi della germinazione dei semi, e controllando la germinazione dei semi appare una funzione comune di un sottoinsieme di WRKY TFs in piante fiorite. Presi insieme, questi nuovi dati dimostrano che WRKY TFs sono nodi chiavi nelle reti di segnalazione ABA-sensibli a reagire.

Fattori di trascrizione WRKY: principali componenti in acido abscissico segnalazione.

WRKY&#x8EE2;&#x5199;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#xFF08;TF&#xFF09;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x3068;&#x975E;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x7684;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x3001;&#x8001;&#x5316;&#x3001;&#x7A2E;&#x5B50;&#x306E;&#x4F11;&#x7720;&#x3068;&#x767A;&#x82BD;&#x3078;&#x306E;&#x5FDC;&#x7B54;&#x3092;&#x542B;&#x3080;&#x591A;&#x304F;&#x306E;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x306E;&#x30D7;&#x30ED;&#x30BB;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x8ABF;&#x7BC0;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308B;&#x3002; 15&#x5E74;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x306B;&#x308F;&#x305F;&#x308A;&#x3001;&#x9650;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x8A3C;&#x62E0;&#x306F;WRKY TFS&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x30DB;&#x30EB;&#x30E2;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x30A2;&#x30D6;&#x30B7;&#x30B8;&#x30F3;&#x9178;&#xFF08;ABA&#xFF09;&#x306B;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x306E;&#x5FDC;&#x7B54;&#x3092;&#x8ABF;&#x7BC0;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x5F79;&#x5272;&#x3092;&#x679C;&#x305F;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6027;&#x304C;&#x793A;&#x5506;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x308B;&#x3088;&#x3046;&#x306B;&#x306A;&#x308A;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3001;&#x7279;&#x306B;&#x3044;&#x304F;&#x3064;&#x304B;&#x306E;WRKY TF&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x7A2E;&#x5B50;&#x767A;&#x82BD;&#x306E;ABA&#x8A98;&#x5C0E;&#x6027;&#x30EA;&#x30D7;&#x30EC;&#x30C3;&#x30B5;&#x30FC;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308B;&#x3002;&#x3057;&#x304B;&#x3057;&#x3001;ABA&#x30B7;&#x30B0;&#x30CA;&#x30EB;&#x4F1D;&#x9054;&#x306E;&#x4ED6;&#x306E;&#x5074;&#x9762;&#x306B;&#x304A;&#x3051;&#x308B;WRKY TF&#x306E;&#x5F79;&#x5272;&#x3001;&#x95A2;&#x4E0E;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x6A5F;&#x5E8F;&#x306F;&#x4E0D;&#x660E;&#x3067;&#x6B8B;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002; ABA&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x306B;&#x304A;&#x3051;&#x308B;&#x6700;&#x8FD1;&#x306E;&#x8457;&#x3057;&#x3044;&#x9032;&#x6B69;&#x306F;&#x3057;&#x3063;&#x304B;&#x308A;&#x3068;&#x5F7C;&#x3089;&#x306F;&#x8907;&#x6570;&#x306E;&#x30EC;&#x30D9;&#x30EB;&#x3067;&#x884C;&#x52D5;&#x3059;&#x308B;ABA&#x5FDC;&#x7B54;&#x30B7;&#x30B0;&#x30CA;&#x30EB;&#x4F1D;&#x9054;&#x7D4C;&#x8DEF;&#x3067;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x306E;WRKY TFS&#x3092;&#x7F6E;&#x3044;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x3002;&#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x8CEA;PYR / PYL / RCAR&#x86CB;&#x767D;&#x8CEA;&#x30DB;&#x30B9;&#x30D5;&#x30A1;&#x30BF;&#x30FC;&#x30BC;2C-ABA&#x8907;&#x96D1;&#x3067;&#x8449;&#x7DD1;&#x4F53;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30D9;&#x30ED;&#x30FC;&#x30D7;&#x306B;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;Abar&#x306E;&#x53EF;-ABA&#x8907;&#x5408;&#x4F53;&#x200B;&#x200B;&#xFF1A;&#x30B7;&#x30ED;&#x30A4;&#x30CC;&#x30CA;&#x30BA;&#x30CA;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x3001;WRKY TF&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x5C11;&#x306A;&#x304F;&#x3068;&#x3082;2&#x3064;&#x306E;ABA&#x53D7;&#x5BB9;&#x4F53;&#x306E;&#x4E0B;&#x6D41;&#x3067;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3068;&#x601D;&#x308F;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x3002; in vivo&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;in vitro&#x30D7;&#x30ED;&#x30E2;&#x30FC;&#x30BF;&#x30FC;&#x7D50;&#x5408;&#x306E;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3067;&#x306F;ABA&#x30B7;&#x30B0;&#x30CA;&#x30EB;&#x4F1D;&#x9054;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x4E0E;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;WRKY TF&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x6A19;&#x7684;&#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x5B50;&#x306A;&#x3069;ABF2&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3088;&#x304F;&#x77E5;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;ABA&#x5FDC;&#x7B54;&#x6027;&#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x5B50;&#x3001;ABF4&#x3001;ABI4&#x3001;ABI5&#x3001;MYB2&#x3001;DREB1A&#x3001;DREB2A&#x3068;RAB18&#x304C;&#x542B;&#x307E;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x305D;&#x306E;&#x3088;&#x3046;&#x306A;RD29A&#x3068;COR47&#x306A;&#x3069;&#x306E;&#x8FFD;&#x52A0;&#x3088;&#x304F;&#x7279;&#x5FB4;&#x4ED8;&#x3051;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x8A98;&#x5C0E;&#x6027;&#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x5B50;&#x306F;&#x307E;&#x305F;&#x3001;WRKY TF&#x306E;&#x4E0B;&#x6D41;&#x306E;&#x30B7;&#x30B0;&#x30CA;&#x30EB;&#x4F1D;&#x9054;&#x7D4C;&#x8DEF;&#x306B;&#x8A18;&#x8F09;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x65B0;&#x3057;&#x3044;&#x6D1E;&#x5BDF;&#x529B;&#x306F;&#x307E;&#x305F;&#x3001;&#x3044;&#x304F;&#x3064;&#x304B;&#x306E;WRKY TFS&#x306F;&#x3001;ABA-&#x4EF2;&#x4ECB;&#x6C17;&#x5B54;&#x9589;&#x9396;&#x3001;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x304C;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x5E72;&#x3070;&#x3064;&#x5FDC;&#x7B54;&#x306E;&#x6B63;&#x306E;&#x8ABF;&#x7BC0;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x660E;&#x3089;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x9006;&#x306B;&#x3001;&#x591A;&#x304F;&#x306E;WRKY TF&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x7A2E;&#x5B50;&#x767A;&#x82BD;&#x306E;&#x8CA0;&#x306E;&#x8ABF;&#x7BC0;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x3001;&#x7A2E;&#x5B50;&#x306E;&#x767A;&#x82BD;&#x3092;&#x5236;&#x5FA1;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x958B;&#x82B1;&#x690D;&#x7269;&#x306E;WRKY TF&#x306E;&#x30B5;&#x30D6;&#x30BB;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x306E;&#x5171;&#x901A;&#x6A5F;&#x80FD;&#x304C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x307E;&#x3068;&#x3081;&#x308B;&#x3068;&#x3001;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x65B0;&#x3057;&#x3044;&#x30C7;&#x30FC;&#x30BF;&#x306F;WRKY TFS&#x306F;ABA&#x5FDC;&#x7B54;&#x30B7;&#x30B0;&#x30CA;&#x30EB;&#x4F1D;&#x9054;&#x30CD;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x30EF;&#x30FC;&#x30AF;&#x306E;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x30CE;&#x30FC;&#x30C9;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x3002;

WRKY&#x8EE2;&#x5199;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;&#x30AD;&#x30FC;&#x30B3;&#x30F3;&#x30DD;&#x30FC;&#x30CD;&#x30F3;&#x30C8;&#x306E;&#x30A2;&#x30D6;&#x30B7;&#x30B8;&#x30F3;&#x9178;&#x30B7;&#x30B0;&#x30CA;&#x30EA;&#x30F3;&#x30B0;&#x306E;

WRKY &#xC804;&#xC0AC; &#xC778;&#xC790; (TFs)&#xB294; biotic &#xBC0F; abiotic &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;, &#xB178;&#xD654;, &#xC885;&#xC790; &#xD734;&#xBA74;&#xACFC; &#xC885;&#xC790; &#xBC1C; &#xC544;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC751;&#xB2F5;&#xC744; &#xD3EC;&#xD568; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xB9CE;&#xC740; &#xACF5;&#xC7A5; &#xD504;&#xB85C;&#xC138;&#xC2A4;&#xC758; &#xC8FC;&#xC694; &#xB808; &#xADE4; &#xB808;&#xC774; &#xD130;. 15 &#xB144; &#xC774;&#xC0C1;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC81C;&#xD55C; &#xB41C; &#xC99D;&#xAC70; WRKY Tfs&#xC774; &#xC885;&#xC790; &#xBC1C; &#xC544;&#xC758; ABA &#xC720;&#xB3C4;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB294; repressors &#xC751;&#xB2F5; phytohormone abscisic &#xC0B0; (ABA), &#xD2B9;&#xD788; &#xC77C;&#xBD80; WRKY Tfs&#xB294; &#xC2DD;&#xBB3C; &#xC870;&#xC808;&#xC5D0; &#xC5ED;&#xD560;&#xC744; &#xC7AC;&#xC0DD;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xADF8; &#xC81C;&#xC548; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB2E4; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xADF8;&#xB7EC;&#xB098;, &#xC2E0;&#xD638;, ABA&#xC640; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xB41C; &#xBA54;&#xCEE4;&#xB2C8;&#xC998;&#xC758; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xCE21;&#xBA74;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; WRKY Tfs&#xC758; &#xC5ED;&#xD560; &#xBD88;&#xBD84;&#xBA85; &#xB0A8;&#xC544; &#xC788;&#xB2E4;. &#xCD5C;&#xADFC; &#xC0C1;&#xB2F9;&#xD55C; &#xC9C4;&#xC804;&#xC744; ABA &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xC9C0;&#xAE08; &#xBC30;&#xCE58; &#xD588;&#xB2E4; &#xD2B9;&#xC815; WRKY TFs &#xB2E8;&#xB2E8;&#xD788; ABA &#xC751;&#xB2F5; &#xC2E0;&#xD638; &#xACBD;&#xB85C;&#xC5D0; &#xADF8;&#xB4E4;&#xC740; &#xC5EC;&#xB7EC; &#xC218;&#xC900;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xD589;&#xB3D9;. Arabidopsis, WRKY TFs &#xD589;&#xB3D9; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC; &#xB450; &#xAC1C; &#xC774;&#xC0C1;&#xC758; ABA &#xC218;&#xC6A9; &#xCCB4;&#xC758; &#xB2E4;&#xC6B4;&#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9BC;: &#xC138;&#xD3EC;&#xC9C8; PYR/PYL/RCAR &#xB2E8;&#xBC31;&#xC9C8; &#xC778;&#xC0B0; &#xAC00;&#xC218;&#xBD84;&#xD574; &#xD6A8;&#xC18C; 2 C-ABA &#xBCF5;&#xC7A1; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xC5FD;&#xB85D;&#xCCB4; &#xBD09;&#xD22C;&#xC5D0; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xD55C; ABAR ABA &#xBCF5;&#xC7A1; &#xD55C;. &#xC0DD;&#xCCB4; &#xC870;&#xAC74; &#xBC0F; &#xCCB4; &#xC678; &#xBC1C;&#xAE30;&#xC778; &#xBC14;&#xC778;&#xB529; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xB300;&#xC0C1; &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xC790; &#xBCF4;&#xC5EC; ABA&#xC5D0; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xB41C; WRKY Tfs&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; ABF2, ABF4, ABI4, ABI5, MYB2, DREB1a, DREB2a &#xBC0F; rab18&#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xC798; &#xC54C;&#xB824;&#xC9C4; ABA &#xBC18;&#xC751; &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xC790; &#xC2E0;&#xD638; &#xD3EC;&#xD568; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. RD29A &#xBC0F; COR47 &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xCD94;&#xAC00; well-characterized &#xAE34;&#xC7A5;&#xC744; &#xC720;&#xB3C4;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xC720;&#xC804;&#xC790; &#xB610;&#xD55C; &#xC2E0;&#xD638; WRKY Tfs&#xC758; &#xB2E4;&#xC6B4;&#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9BC; &#xACBD;&#xB85C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xCC3E;&#xC744; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC0C8;&#xB85C;&#xC6B4; &#xD1B5;&#xCC30;&#xB825; &#xB610;&#xD55C; &#xC77C;&#xBD80; WRKY TFs stomatal &#xD3D0;&#xC1C4; ABA &#xC911;&#xC7AC;&#xC758; &#xAE0D;&#xC815;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xB808; &#xADE4; &#xB808;&#xC774; &#xD130;&#xB294; &#xACF5;&#xAC1C; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xAC00;&#xBB44; &#xC751;&#xB2F5;. &#xBC18;&#xB300;&#xB85C;, &#xB9CE;&#xC740; WRKY Tfs&#xB294; &#xC885;&#xC790; &#xBC1C; &#xC544;&#xC758; &#xBD80;&#xC815;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xB808; &#xADE4; &#xB808;&#xC774; &#xD130; &#xBC0F; &#xAF43; &#xD53C;&#xB294; &#xC2DD;&#xBB3C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; WRKY Tfs&#xC758; &#xBD80;&#xBD84; &#xC9D1;&#xD569;&#xC758; &#xACF5;&#xD1B5; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0A9;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xC81C;&#xC5B4; &#xC528;&#xC557; &#xBC1C; &#xC544;. &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xCC0D;&#xC740;, &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC0C8;&#xB85C;&#xC6B4; &#xB370;&#xC774;&#xD130; WRKY Tfs&#xB294; ABA &#xC751;&#xB2F5; &#xC2E0;&#xD638; &#xB124;&#xD2B8;&#xC6CC;&#xD06C;&#xC758; &#xD575;&#xC2EC; &#xB178;&#xB4DC;&#xB97C; &#xBCF4;&#xC5EC;&#xC90D;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

WRKY &#xC804;&#xC0AC; &#xC778;&#xC790;: abscisic &#xC0B0; &#xC2E0;&#xD638;&#xC5D0; &#xAD6C;&#xC131; &#xC694;&#xC18C; &#xD0A4;.

Factores de transcripci&#xF3;n WRKY (TFS) son los principales reguladores de los procesos de muchas plantas, incluyendo las respuestas a estr&#xE9;s bi&#xF3;tico y abi&#xF3;tico, la senectud, dormancia de las semillas y la germinaci&#xF3;n de la semilla. Desde hace m&#xE1;s de 15 a&#xF1;os, evidencia limitada ha estado disponible sugiere que TFS WRKY pueden jugar un papel en la regulaci&#xF3;n de respuestas de la planta al &#xE1;cido fitohormona absc&#xED;sico (ABA), en particular algunos TFS WRKY son inducibles ABA-represores de la germinaci&#xF3;n de semillas. Sin embargo, los papeles de TFS WRKY en otros aspectos de la ABA, la se&#xF1;alizaci&#xF3;n y los mecanismos implicados, han quedado claras. Los recientes progresos significativos en la investigaci&#xF3;n de la ABA ha colocado espec&#xED;ficas TFS WRKY firmemente en ABA que responden a las v&#xED;as de se&#xF1;alizaci&#xF3;n, en las que act&#xFA;an en m&#xFA;ltiples niveles. En Arabidopsis, TFS WRKY parecen actuar aguas abajo de al menos dos receptores del ABA: el citoplasma PYR / PYL / RCAR-complejo de la prote&#xED;na fosfatasa 2C-ABA y el complejo de cloroplastos de sobres encuentra ABAR-ABA. In vivo e in vitro de uni&#xF3;n promotor-los estudios muestran que los genes diana para TFS WRKY que est&#xE1;n implicados en la se&#xF1;alizaci&#xF3;n de ABA son bien conocidos ABA-genes de respuesta, tales como, la ABF2 ABF4 y ABI4 y ABI5 y MYB2 y DREB1A, DREB2a y RAB18. Adicionales bien caracterizados inducible estr&#xE9;s, tales como los genes y rd29A COR47 tambi&#xE9;n se encuentran en las v&#xED;as de se&#xF1;alizaci&#xF3;n corriente abajo de TFS WRKY. Estos nuevos conocimientos tambi&#xE9;n revelan que algunos TFS WRKY son reguladores positivos de la ABA, mediada por el cierre de estomas y por lo tanto las respuestas de la sequ&#xED;a. Por el contrario, muchos TFS WRKY son reguladores negativos de la germinaci&#xF3;n de las semillas y la germinaci&#xF3;n de semillas de control aparece una funci&#xF3;n com&#xFA;n de un subconjunto de TFS WRKY en plantas con flores. En conjunto, estos nuevos datos demuestran que TF WRKY son nodos clave en las redes de se&#xF1;alizaci&#xF3;n ABA-respuesta.

Los factores de transcripci&#xF3;n WRKY: Componentes clave en la se&#xF1;alizaci&#xF3;n de &#xE1;cido absc&#xED;sico

A complete assembled genome sequence of wheat is not yet available. Therefore, model plant systems for wheat are very valuable. Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is such a system. The WRKY family of transcription factors is one of the most important families of plant transcriptional regulators with members regulating important agronomic traits. Studies of WRKY transcription factors in Brachypodium and wheat therefore promise to lead to new strategies for wheat improvement.

The WRKY transcription factor family in Brachypodium distachyon.

Drought is one of the important environmental factors affecting crop production worldwide and therefore understanding the molecular response of plant to stress is an important step in crop improvement. WRKY transcription factors are one of the 10 largest transcription factor families across the green lineage. In this study, highly upregulated dehydration-induced WRKY and enzyme-coding genes from tobacco and soybean were selected from microarray data for promoter analyses. Putative stress-related cis-regulatory elements such as TGACG motif, ABRE-like elements; W and G-like sequences were identified by an in silico analyses of promoter region of the selected genes. GFP quantification of transgenic BY-2 cell culture showed these promoters direct higher expression in-response to 100 μM JA treatment compared to 100 μM ABA, 10% PEG and 85 mM NaCl treatments. Thus promoter activity upon JA treatment and enrichment of MeJA-responsive elements in the promoter of the selected genes provides insights for these genes to be jasmonic acid responsive with potential of mediating cross-talk during dehydration responses.

Dehydration-induced WRKY genes from tobacco and soybean respond to jasmonic acid treatments in BY-2 cell culture.

Microarrays are a large-scale expression profiling method which has been used to study the transcriptome of plants under various environmental conditions. However, manual inspection of microarray data is difficult at the genome level because of the large number of genes (normally at least 30,000) and the many different processes that occur within any given plant. MapMan software, which was initially developed to visualize microarray data for Arabidopsis, has been adapted to other plant species by mapping other species onto MapMan ontology. This paper provides a detailed procedure and the relevant computing codes to generate a MapMan ontology mapping file for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using potato and Arabidopsis as intermediates. The mapping file can be used directly with our custom made NimbleGen oligoarray, that contains gene sequences from both the tobacco gene space sequence and the tobacco gene index 4 (NTGI4) collection of ESTs. The generated data set will be informative for scientists working on tobacco as their model plant by providing a MapMan ontology mapping file to tobacco, homology between tobacco coding sequences and that of potato and Arabidopsis, as well as adapting our procedure and codes for other plant species where the complete genome is not yet available.

Extending MapMan Ontology to Tobacco for Visualization of Gene Expression.

Drought is the major cause of crop losses worldwide. Water stress-inducible promoters are important for understanding the mechanisms of water stress responses in crop plants. Here we utilized tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cell system in presence of polyethylene glycol, salt and phytohormones. Extension of the system to 85 mM NaCl led to inducibility of up to 10-fold with the water stress and salt responsive soybean GmWRKY53 promoter. Upon ABA and JA treatment fold inducibility was up to 5-fold and 14-fold, respectively. Thus, we hypothesize that GmWRKY53 could be used as potential model candidate for dissecting drought regulatory elements as well as understanding crosstalk utilizing a rapid heterologous system of BY-2 culture.

GmWRKY53, a water- and salt-inducible soybean gene for rapid dissection of regulatory elements in BY-2 cell culture.

Drought is one of the major challenges affecting crop productivity and yield. However, water stress responses are notoriously multigenic and quantitative with strong environmental effects on phenotypes. It is also clear that water stress often does not occur alone under field conditions but rather in conjunction with other abiotic stresses such as high temperature and high light intensities. A multidisciplinary approach with successful integration of a whole range of -omics technologies will not only define the system, but also provide new gene targets for both transgenic approaches and marker-assisted selection. Transcription factors are major players in water stress signaling and some constitute major hubs in the signaling webs. The main transcription factors in this network include MYB, bHLH, bZIP, ERF, NAC, and WRKY transcription factors. The role of WRKY transcription factors in abiotic stress signaling networks is just becoming apparent and systems biology approaches are starting to define their places in the signaling network. Using systems biology approaches, there are now many transcriptomic analyses and promoter analyses that concern WRKY transcription factors. In addition, reports on nuclear proteomics have identified WRKY proteins that are up-regulated at the protein level by water stress. Interactomics has started to identify different classes of WRKY-interacting proteins. What are often lacking are connections between metabolomics, WRKY transcription factors, promoters, biosynthetic pathways, fluxes and downstream responses. As more levels of the system are characterized, a more detailed understanding of the roles of WRKY transcription factors in drought responses in crops will be obtained.

A systems biology perspective on the role of WRKY transcription factors in drought responses in plants.

Drought is one of the major constraints in crop production and has an effect on a global scale. In order to improve crop production, it is necessary to understand how plants respond to stress. A good understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in plant responses during drought will enable researchers to explore and manipulate key regulatory points in order to enhance stress tolerance in crops. Transcription factors (TFs) have played an important role in crop improvement from the dawn of agriculture. TFs are therefore good candidates for genetic engineering to improve crop tolerance to drought because of their role as master regulators of clusters of genes. Many families of TFs, such as CCAAT, homeodomain, bHLH, NAC, AP2/ERF, bZIP, and WRKY have members that may have the potential to be tools for improving crop tolerance to drought. In this review, the roles of TFs as tools to improve drought tolerance in crops are discussed. The review also focuses on current strategies in the use of TFs, with emphasis on several major TF families in improving drought tolerance of major crops. Finally, many promising transgenic lines that may have improved drought responses have been poorly characterized and consequently their usefulness in the field is uncertain. New advances in high-throughput phenotyping, both greenhouse and field based, should facilitate improved phenomics of transgenic lines. Systems biology approaches should then define the underlying changes that result in higher yields under water stress conditions. These new technologies should help show whether manipulating TFs can have effects on yield under field conditions.

The potential of transcription factor-based genetic engineering in improving crop tolerance to drought.

The availability of increasing numbers of sequenced genomes has necessitated a re-evaluation of the evolution of the WRKY transcription factor family. Modern day plants descended from a charophyte green alga that colonized the land between 430 and 470 million years ago. The first charophyte genome sequence from Klebsormidium flaccidum filled a gap in the available genome sequences in the plant kingdom between unicellular green algae that typically have 1-3 WRKY genes and mosses that contain 30-40. WRKY genes have been previously found in non-plant species but their occurrence has been difficult to explain.

The evolution of WRKY transcription factors.

Soybean GmWRKY53 functions in both biotic and abiotic stress signaling. Using GmWRKY53 as a bait yeast 2-hybrid library screening to saturation isolated multiple independent fragments for many interacting proteins, enabling delineation of minimal interacting domains and computation of a confidence score. Multiple independent clones coding for the LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL clock protein GmLCL2 (MYB114) were isolated and the binding site for GmWRKY53 was mapped to 90 amino acids separate from the MYB domain. This suggests a direct input from the clock on GmWRKY53 activity. The GmWRKY53-interacting proteins also included 3 water stress-inducible AP2/ERF transcription factors. One of these (Glyma03g26310) is one of the most strongly water stress induced genes in soybean roots, suggesting that GmWRKY53/ERF complexes regulate water stress responses.

The interactome of soybean GmWRKY53 using yeast 2-hybrid library screening to saturation.

The Solanaceae are an economically important family of plants that include tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), tomato, and potato. Drought is a major cause of crop losses.

Tobacco drought stress responses reveal new targets for Solanaceae crop improvement.

Drought is one of the limiting environmental factors that affect crop production. Understanding the molecular basis of how plants respond to this water deficit stress is key to developing drought tolerant crops. In this study we generated time course-based transcriptome profiles of tobacco plants under water deficit conditions using microarray technology. In this paper, we describe in detail the experimental procedures and analyses performed in our study. The data set we generated (available in the NCBI/GEO database under GSE67434) has been analysed to identify genes that are involved in the regulation of tobacco's responses to drought.

Transcriptome profiling of tobacco under water deficit conditions.

Drought being a major challenge for crop productivity and yield affects multigenic and quantitative traits. It is also well documented that water stress shows a cross talk with other abiotic stresses such as high temperature and high light intensities (Tripathi et al., 2013) [1]. In this report, we documented the details of the methods and quality controls used and considered in our time course-based transcriptome profile of soybean plants under water deficit conditions using microarray technology. The findings of this study are recently published by the Rushton lab in BMC Genomics for a comparative study of tobacco and Soybean (Rabara et al., 2015) [2]. The raw microarray data set is deposited in GEO database with accession number GSE49537.

Transcriptomics analyses of soybean leaf and root samples during water-deficit.

Early aerial senescence in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) can significantly limit biomass yields. WRKY transcription factors that can regulate senescence could be used to reprogram senescence and enhance biomass yields.

The WRKY transcription factor family and senescence in switchgrass.

The deleterious changes in environmental conditions such as water stress bring physiological and biochemical changes in plants, which results in crop loss. Thus, combating water stress is important for crop improvement to manage the needs of growing population. Utilization of hydroponics system in growing plants is questionable to some researchers, as it does not represent an actual field condition. However, trying to address a complex problem like water stress we have to utilize a simpler growing condition like the hydroponics system wherein every input given to the plants can be controlled. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, it is still challenging to address all levels of the genetic machinery whether a gene, protein, metabolite, and promoter. Thus, using a system of reduced complexity like hydroponics can certainly direct us toward the right candidates, if not completely help us to resolve the issue.

Understanding Water-Stress Responses in Soybean Using Hydroponics System-A Systems Biology Perspective.

The purpose of this project was to identify metabolites, proteins, genes, and promoters associated with water stress responses in soybean. A number of these may serve as new targets for the biotechnological improvement of drought responses in soybean (Glycine max).

A toolbox of genes, proteins, metabolites and promoters for improving drought tolerance in soybean includes the metabolite coumestrol and stomatal development genes.

Plants have the ability to respond to seasonal environmental variations by monitoring day length to initiate flowering. The transition from vegetative to the reproductive stage is the critical developmental switch in flowering plants to ensure optimal fitness and/or yield. It has been previously reported that B-BOX32 (BBX32) has the potential to increase grain yield when ectopically expressed in soybean. In the present study, we performed a detailed molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis B-box domain gene BBX32 We showed that the circadian clock in Arabidopsis regulates BBX32 and expressed in the early morning. To understand the molecular mechanism of BBX32 regulation, we performed a large-scale yeast two-hybrid screen and identified CONSTANS-LIKE 3 (COL3)/BBX4 as one of its interacting protein partners. Using different genetic and biochemical assays, we have validated this interaction and shown that COL3 targets FT in the presence of BBX32 to regulate the flowering pathway. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that this BBX32-COL3 module could be an additional regulatory mechanism affecting the reproductive development in Arabidopsis that could be translated to crops for increased agricultural productivity.

Arabidopsis B-BOX32 interacts with CONSTANS-LIKE3 to regulate flowering.

Understanding how plants respond to water deficit is important in order to develop crops tolerant to drought. In this study, we compare two large metabolomics datasets where we employed a nontargeted metabolomics approach to elucidate metabolic pathways perturbed by progressive dehydration in tobacco and soybean plants. The two datasets were created using the same strategy to create water deficit conditions and an identical metabolomics pipeline. Comparisons between the two datasets therefore reveal common responses between the two species, responses specific to one of the species, responses that occur in both root and leaf tissues, and responses that are specific to one tissue. Stomatal closure is the immediate response of the plant and this did not coincide with accumulation of abscisic acid. A total of 116 and 140 metabolites were observed in tobacco leaves and roots, respectively, while 241 and 207 were observed in soybean leaves and roots, respectively. Accumulation of metabolites is significantly correlated with the extent of dehydration in both species. Among the metabolites that show increases that are restricted to just one plant, 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid (KHG) in tobacco roots and coumestrol in soybean roots show the highest tissue-specific accumulation. The comparisons of these two large nontargeted metabolomics datasets provide novel information and suggest that KHG will be a useful marker for drought stress for some members of Solanaceae and coumestrol for some legume species.

Article	Year
WRKY transcription factors: key components in abscisic acid signalling. Plant biotechnology journal\| PubMed ID: 21696534	2012
The WRKY transcription factor family in Brachypodium distachyon. BMC genomics\| PubMed ID: 22726208	2012
Dehydration-induced WRKY genes from tobacco and soybean respond to jasmonic acid treatments in BY-2 cell culture. Biochemical and biophysical research communications\| PubMed ID: 23333328	2013
Extending MapMan Ontology to Tobacco for Visualization of Gene Expression. Dataset papers in biology\| PubMed ID: 23457664	2013
GmWRKY53, a water- and salt-inducible soybean gene for rapid dissection of regulatory elements in BY-2 cell culture. Plant signaling & behavior\| PubMed ID: 23511199	2013
A systems biology perspective on the role of WRKY transcription factors in drought responses in plants. Planta\| PubMed ID: 24146023	2014
The potential of transcription factor-based genetic engineering in improving crop tolerance to drought. Omics : a journal of integrative biology\| PubMed ID: 25118806	2014
The evolution of WRKY transcription factors. BMC plant biology\| PubMed ID: 25849216	2015
The interactome of soybean GmWRKY53 using yeast 2-hybrid library screening to saturation. Plant signaling & behavior\| PubMed ID: 26102586	2015
Tobacco drought stress responses reveal new targets for Solanaceae crop improvement. BMC genomics\| PubMed ID: 26123791	2015
Transcriptome profiling of tobacco under water deficit conditions. Genomics data\| PubMed ID: 26484226	2015
Transcriptomics analyses of soybean leaf and root samples during water-deficit. Genomics data\| PubMed ID: 26484247	2015
The WRKY transcription factor family and senescence in switchgrass. BMC genomics\| PubMed ID: 26552372	2015
Understanding Water-Stress Responses in Soybean Using Hydroponics System-A Systems Biology Perspective. Frontiers in plant science\| PubMed ID: 26734044	2015
A toolbox of genes, proteins, metabolites and promoters for improving drought tolerance in soybean includes the metabolite coumestrol and stomatal development genes. BMC genomics\| PubMed ID: 26861168	2016
Arabidopsis B-BOX32 interacts with CONSTANS-LIKE3 to regulate flowering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\| PubMed ID: 27999181	2017
Comparative Metabolome Profile between Tobacco and Soybean Grown under Water-Stressed Conditions. BioMed research international\| PubMed ID: 28127554	2017

Prateek Tripathi

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