synthesis-high-purity-nonsymmetric-dialkylphosphinic-acid

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

We present the synthesis of (2,3-dimethylbutyl)(2,4,4&#39;-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid as an example to demonstrate a method for the synthesis of high ...

Tsinghua University

Cervical corpectomy with preserved posterior vertebral wall (CPW) had been performed by the senior author (Y.W.) since 1999. A prospective study had been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of CPW since 2001.

Cervical corpectomy with preserved posterior vertebral wall for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a randomized control clinical study.

&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5BA1;&#x67E5;&#x4E86;&#x5BCC;&#x6C22;&#x76D0;&#x6C34;&#xFF0C;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x6297;&#x6C27;&#x5316;&#x5242;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x6CBB;&#x7597;&#x6025;&#x6027;&#x810A;&#x9AD3;&#x632B;&#x4F24;&#x635F;&#x4F24;&#x7684;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x3002;&#x96C4;&#x6027;&#x5927;&#x9F20;&#x88AB;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x578B; contuses &#x810A;&#x9AD3;&#x635F;&#x4F24; &#xFF08;125 kdyn &#x90E8;&#x961F;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x5BCC;&#x6C22;&#x76D0;&#x6C34;&#x8179;&#x8154;&#x6CE8;&#x5C04; (5 &#x6BEB;&#x5347;/&#x516C;&#x65A4;) &#x7ACB;&#x5373;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x3001; &#x5728; 24 &#x548C; 48 h &#x540E;&#x635F;&#x4F24;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5927;&#x9F20;&#x810A;&#x9AD3;&#x635F;&#x4F24; (SCI) &#x540E;&#x88AB;&#x90FD;&#x727A;&#x7272;&#x5728; 72 h&#x3002;&#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x7684;&#x51CB;&#x4EA1;&#x3001; &#x6C27;&#x5316;&#x5E94;&#x6FC0;&#x3001; &#x708E;&#x75C7;&#x3001; &#x8111;&#x6E90;&#x6027;&#x795E;&#x7ECF;&#x8425;&#x517B;&#x56E0;&#x5B50; (BDNF) &#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x8BC4;&#x4F30;&#x7684;&#x6C34;&#x5E73;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x81EA;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x88AB;&#x8BC4;&#x4F30;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x4F4E;&#x97F3;&#x3001; Beattice &#x548C;&#x5E03;&#x96F7;&#x65AF;&#x7EB3; (BBB) &#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x6A21;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x5230;&#x5BCC;&#x6C22;&#x76D0;&#x6C34;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x51CF;&#x5C11;&#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x51CB;&#x4EA1;&#x3001; &#x6291;&#x5236;&#x6C27;&#x5316;&#x5E94;&#x6FC0;&#x548C;&#x6539;&#x5584;&#x8FD0;&#x52A8;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x5BCC;&#x6C22;&#x76D0;&#x6C34;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x6E90;&#x6027;&#x795E;&#x7ECF;&#x8425;&#x517B;&#x56E0;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x91CA;&#x653E;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5BCC;&#x6C22;&#x76D0;&#x6C34;&#x51CF;&#x5C11;&#x6025;&#x6027;&#x810A;&#x9AD3;&#x632B;&#x4F24;&#x635F;&#x4F24;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x51CF;&#x5C11;&#x6C27;&#x5316;&#x5E94;&#x6FC0;&#x548C; BDNF &#x7684;&#x63D0;&#x5347;&#x3002;

&#x5BCC;&#x6C22;&#x76D0;&#x6C34;&#x4FDD;&#x62A4;&#x5BF9;&#x5927;&#x9F20;&#x810A;&#x9AD3;&#x635F;&#x4F24;&#x3002;

In the present study, we examined the mechanisms of hydrogen-rich saline, a reported therapeutic antioxidant, in the treatment of acute spinal cord contusion injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to produce a standardized model of contuses spinal cord injury (125 kdyn force). Hydrogen-rich saline was injected intraperitoneally (5 ml/kg) immediately, and at 24 and 48 h after injury. All rats were sacrificed at 72 h after spinal cord injury (SCI). Apoptotic cell death, oxidative stress, inflammation, level of Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were evaluated. In addition, locomotor behavior was assessed using the Basso, Beattice and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. We observed that administration of hydrogen-rich saline decreased the number of apoptotic cells, suppressed oxidative stress, and improved locomotor functions. Hydrogen-rich saline increased the release of BDNF. In conclusion, hydrogen-rich saline reduced acute spinal cord contusion injury, possibly by reduction of oxidative stress and elevation of BDNF.

Hydrogen-rich saline protects against spinal cord injury in rats.

Dans la pr&eacute;sente &eacute;tude, nous avons examin&eacute; les m&eacute;canismes de s&eacute;rum riche en hydrog&egrave;ne, un antioxydant th&eacute;rapeutique rapport&eacute;, in the treatment of acute contusion m&eacute;dullaire. Rats Sprague-Dawley m&acirc;les ont servi &agrave; produire un mod&egrave;le normalis&eacute; de contuses de la moelle &eacute;pini&egrave;re (125 kdyn force). Riche en hydrog&egrave;ne saline a &eacute;t&eacute; inject&eacute;e par voie intrap&eacute;riton&eacute;ale (5 ml/kg) imm&eacute;diatement et &agrave; 24 et 48 heures apr&egrave;s la l&eacute;sion. Tous les rats ont &eacute;t&eacute; sacrifi&eacute;s &agrave; 72 h apr&egrave;s une l&eacute;sion de la moelle &eacute;pini&egrave;re (SCI). Mort cellulaire par apoptose, stress oxydatif, l&#39;inflammation, niveau du cerveau d&eacute;riv&eacute;e neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ont &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;valu&eacute;s. En outre, comportement locomoteur a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;valu&eacute;e &agrave; l&#39;aide de l&#39;&eacute;chelle de Basso, Beattice et Bresnahan (BBB). Nous avons observ&eacute; que l&#39;administration d&#39;une solution saline riche en hydrog&egrave;ne a diminu&eacute; le nombre de cellules apoptotiques, supprim&eacute; le stress oxydatif et am&eacute;lior&eacute; des fonctions locomotrices. Solution saline riche en hydrog&egrave;ne augmente la lib&eacute;ration de BDNF. En conclusion, riches en hydrog&egrave;ne saline r&eacute;duit aigu&euml; contusion m&eacute;dullaire, &eacute;ventuellement par la r&eacute;duction du stress oxydatif et l&#39;&eacute;l&eacute;vation de BDNF.

Riche en hydrog&egrave;ne saline prot&egrave;ge contre les blessures de la moelle &eacute;pini&egrave;re chez les rats.

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Mechanismen der wasserstoffreiches Kochsalzl&ouml;sung, ein gemeldeten therapeutische Antioxidans, bei der Behandlung von akuten Kontusion R&uuml;ckenmarksverletzung. M&auml;nnliche Sprague-Dawley Ratten wurden verwendet, um ein standardisiertes Modell zu produzieren contuses Verletzung des R&uuml;ckenmarks (125 Kdyn Kraft). Wasserstoffreiches Kochsalzl&ouml;sung injiziert wurde intraperitoneal (5 ml/kg) sofort, und bei 24 und 48 h nach Verletzung. Alle Ratten wurden bei 72 h nach Verletzung des R&uuml;ckenmarks (SCI) geopfert. Apoptotic Zellentod, oxidativer Stress, Entz&uuml;ndungen, Ebene des Gehirns abgeleiteten Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) wurden ausgewertet. Dar&uuml;ber hinaus wurde die lokomotorische Verhalten beurteilt anhand einer Skala Basso, Beattice und Bresnahan (BBB). Wir festgestellt, dass die Verwaltung wasserstoffreiches Kochsalzl&ouml;sung sank die Anzahl der Apoptotic Zellen, oxidativen Stress unterdr&uuml;ckt und verbesserte lokomotorische Funktionen. Wasserstoffreiches Kochsalzl&ouml;sung erh&ouml;ht die Freisetzung von BDNF. Abschlie&szlig;end reduziert wasserstoffreiches Kochsalzl&ouml;sung akute Kontusion R&uuml;ckenmarksverletzung, m&ouml;glicherweise durch Reduktion von oxidativem Stress und Erh&ouml;hung von BDNF.

Wasserstoffreiches Kochsalzl&ouml;sung sch&uuml;tzt vor Verletzung des R&uuml;ckenmarks bei Ratten.

Nel presente studio, abbiamo esaminato i meccanismi di ricchi di idrogeno-soluzione fisiologica, un antiossidante segnalato terapeutico, nel trattamento di lesioni contusione acuta del midollo spinale. Ratti Sprague-Dawley maschi sono stati utilizzati per produrre un modello standardizzato di contuses lesioni del midollo spinale (125 kdyn forza). Ricchi di idrogeno-soluzione salina &egrave; stato iniettato per via intraperitoneale (5 ml/kg) immediatamente e a 24 e 48 h dopo l&#39;infortunio. Tutti i ratti sono stati sacrificati a 72 h dopo la ferita del midollo spinale (SCI). Morte cellulare apoptotica, stress ossidativo, infiammazione, livello del cervello derivata neurotrophic factor (BDNF) sono stati valutati. Inoltre, comportamento motorio &egrave; stata valutata utilizzando la scala Basso, Beattice e Bresnahan (BBB). Abbiamo osservato che amministrazione di ricchi di idrogeno-soluzione fisiologica &egrave; diminuito il numero delle cellule apoptotiche, soppresso lo stress ossidativo e migliorato le funzioni dell&#39;apparato locomotore. Ricchi di idrogeno-soluzione salina aumenta il rilascio di BDNF. In conclusione, ricchi di idrogeno-soluzione fisiologica ridotto ferita di contusione acuta del midollo spinale, possibilmente di riduzione dello stress ossidativo e l&#39;elevazione di BDNF.

Ricchi di idrogeno-soluzione fisiologica protegge da lesioni del midollo spinale nei ratti.

&#x672C;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3067;&#x306F;, &#x6C34;&#x7D20;&#x30EA;&#x30C3;&#x30C1;&#x751F;&#x7406;&#x98DF;&#x5869;&#x6C34;&#x3001;&#x6025;&#x6027;&#x810A;&#x9AC4;&#x632B;&#x50B7;&#x640D;&#x50B7;&#x306E;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x306B;&#x3001;&#x5831;&#x544A;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x6CBB;&#x7642;&#x6297;&#x9178;&#x5316;&#x306E;&#x6A5F;&#x69CB;&#x3092;&#x691C;&#x8A0E;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x96C4;&#x30E9;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x306E;&#x6A19;&#x6E96;&#x5316;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x30E2;&#x30C7;&#x30EB;&#x3092;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x810A;&#x9AC4;&#x640D;&#x50B7; &#xFF08;125 kdyn &#x529B;&#xFF09; &#x3092; contuses&#x3002;&#x8179;&#x8154;&#x5185;&#x6CE8;&#x5165;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x6C34;&#x7D20;&#x30EA;&#x30C3;&#x30C1;&#x751F;&#x7406;&#x98DF;&#x5869;&#x6C34; (5 ml/kg) &#x3059;&#x3050;&#x3068; 24 &#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073; 48 h &#x50B7;&#x5BB3;&#x306E;&#x5F8C;&#x3067;&#x3002;&#x3059;&#x3079;&#x3066;&#x306E;&#x30E9;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x810A;&#x9AC4;&#x640D;&#x50B7; &#xFF08;SCI&#xFF09; &#x5F8C;&#x306F; 72 h &#x3067;&#x72A0;&#x7272;&#x306B;&#x306A;&#x3063;&#x305F;&#x3002;Apoptotic &#x306E;&#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x6B7B;&#x3001;&#x9178;&#x5316;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x3001;&#x708E;&#x75C7;&#x3001;&#x6D3E;&#x751F;&#x795E;&#x7D4C;&#x6804;&#x990A;&#x56E0;&#x5B50; (BDNF) &#x3092;&#x8A55;&#x4FA1;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x8133;&#x306E;&#x30EC;&#x30D9;&#x30EB;&#x3002;&#x307E;&#x305F;&#x3001;&#x81EA;&#x767A;&#x884C;&#x52D5;&#x306F;&#x30D0;&#x30C3;&#x30BD;&#x3001;Beattice&#x3001;&#x30D6;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x30CA;&#x30CF;&#x30F3; &#xFF08;BBB&#xFF09; &#x30B9;&#x30B1;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x3092;&#x7528;&#x3044;&#x3066;&#x8A55;&#x4FA1;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x6C34;&#x7D20;&#x8C4A;&#x5BCC;&#x306A;&#x751F;&#x7406;&#x98DF;&#x5869;&#x6C34;&#x306E;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x304C;&#x30A2;&#x30DD;&#x30C8;&#x30FC;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x6570;&#x304C;&#x6E1B;&#x5C11;&#x3001;&#x9178;&#x5316;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x3092;&#x6291;&#x5236;&#x3001;&#x6539;&#x5584;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x904B;&#x52D5;&#x5668;&#x306E;&#x6A5F;&#x80FD;&#x3092;&#x89B3;&#x5BDF;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x751F;&#x7406;&#x98DF;&#x5869;&#x6C34;&#x6C34;&#x7D20;&#x30EA;&#x30C3;&#x30C1; BDNF &#x306E;&#x30EA;&#x30EA;&#x30FC;&#x30B9;&#x3092;&#x5897;&#x52A0;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x7D50;&#x8AD6;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x6C34;&#x7D20;&#x30EA;&#x30C3;&#x30C1;&#x751F;&#x7406;&#x98DF;&#x5869;&#x6C34;&#x6025;&#x6027;&#x810A;&#x9AC4;&#x632B;&#x50B7;&#x50B7;&#x5BB3;&#x304A;&#x305D;&#x3089;&#x304F;&#x9178;&#x5316;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x4F4E;&#x6E1B;&#x3068; BDNF &#x306E;&#x4E0A;&#x6607;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x8EFD;&#x6E1B;&#x3002;

&#x810A;&#x9AC4;&#x640D;&#x50B7;&#x30E9;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x306B;&#x304A;&#x3051;&#x308B;&#x6C34;&#x7D20;&#x30EA;&#x30C3;&#x30C1;&#x751F;&#x7406;&#x98DF;&#x5869;&#x6C34;&#x3092;&#x4FDD;&#x8B77;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#xD604;&#xC7AC;&#xC758; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C;&#xC5D0; &#xD48D;&#xBD80;&#xD55C; &#xC218;&#xC18C; &#xC5FC;, &#xAE09;&#xC131; &#xCC99;&#xC218; &#xD0C0; &#xBC15;&#xC0C1; &#xBD80;&#xC0C1; &#xCE58;&#xB8CC;&#xC5D0; &#xBCF4;&#xACE0; &#xB41C; &#xCE58;&#xB8CC; &#xC0B0;&#xD654; &#xBA54;&#xCEE4;&#xB2C8;&#xC998; &#xAC80;&#xC0AC; &#xD558; &#xACE0;. &#xB0A8;&#xC131; Sprague-Dawley &#xC950;&#xC758; &#xD45C;&#xC900;&#xD654; &#xB41C; &#xBAA8;&#xB378;&#xC744; &#xC0DD;&#xC0B0; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xB370; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD55C; &#xCC99;&#xC218; &#xBD80;&#xC0C1; (125 kdyn force) contuses. &#xC218;&#xC18C; &#xD48D;&#xBD80;&#xD55C; &#xC5FC; intraperitoneally &#xC8FC;&#xC785; &#xD588;&#xB2E4; (5 ml/kg) &#xC989;&#xC2DC;, 24 &#xBC0F; 48 h &#xD6C4;&#xC5D0; &#xC0C1;&#xD574;&#xC5D0;. &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xC950; &#xCC99;&#xC218; &#xC0C1;&#xD574; (SCI) &#xD6C4;&#xC5D0; 72 h &#xD76C;&#xC0DD; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. Apoptotic &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xC8FD;&#xC74C;, &#xC0B0;&#xD654; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;, &#xC5FC;&#xC99D;, &#xB450;&#xB1CC; &#xD30C;&#xC0DD;&#xB41C; &#xD55C; neurotrophic &#xC694;&#xC778; (BDNF) &#xD3C9;&#xAC00;&#xC758; &#xC218;&#xC900;. &#xB610;&#xD55C;, &#xC6B4;&#xC804; &#xB3D9;&#xC791; &#xBC14;&#xC18C;, Beattice &#xBC0F; Bresnahan (BBB) &#xADDC;&#xBAA8;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xD3C9;&#xAC00; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC; &#xC218;&#xC18C; &#xD48D;&#xBD80;&#xD55C; &#xC5FC; &#xBD84; &#xAD00;&#xB9AC; apoptotic &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xC218; &#xAC10;&#xC18C; &#xC0B0;&#xD654; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;&#xB97C; &#xC5B5;&#xC81C;&#xC640; &#xC6B4;&#xC804; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5; &#xD5A5;&#xC0C1; &#xAD00;&#xCC30;. &#xC218;&#xC18C; &#xD48D;&#xBD80;&#xD55C; &#xC5FC; &#xBD84; &#xC99D;&#xAC00; BDNF&#xC758; &#xB9B4;&#xB9AC;&#xC2A4;. &#xB05D;&#xC73C;&#xB85C;, &#xC218;&#xC18C; &#xD48D;&#xBD80;&#xD55C; &#xC5FC; &#xC0B0;&#xD654; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;&#xC758; &#xAC10;&#xC18C;&#xC640; BDNF&#xC758; &#xC0C1;&#xC2B9;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xAE09;&#xC131; &#xCC99;&#xC218; &#xD0C0; &#xBC15;&#xC0C1; &#xBD80;&#xC0C1; &#xAC00;&#xB2A5;&#xC131; &#xAC10;&#xC18C;.

&#xC218;&#xC18C; &#xD48D;&#xBD80;&#xD55C; &#xC2DD; &#xC5FC; &#xC218; &#xC950;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xCC99;&#xC218; &#xC190;&#xC0C1;&#xC5D0; &#xB300;&#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xBCF4;&#xD638; &#xD55C;&#xB2E4;.

En el presente estudio, se analizaron los mecanismos de soluci&oacute;n salina de ricos en hidr&oacute;geno, un antioxidante terap&eacute;utico reportado, en el tratamiento de la lesi&oacute;n de contusi&oacute;n medular aguda. Se utilizaron ratas Sprague-Dawley macho para producir un modelo estandarizado de contuses lesi&oacute;n de la m&eacute;dula espinal (125 kdyn fuerza). Soluci&oacute;n salina ricos en hidr&oacute;geno se inyecta por v&iacute;a intraperitoneal (5 ml/kg) inmediatamente y a las 24 y 48 horas despu&eacute;s de la lesi&oacute;n. Todas las ratas fueron sacrificadas a las 72 h despu&eacute;s de lesi&oacute;n de la m&eacute;dula espinal (SCI). Muerte celular apopt&oacute;tica, estr&eacute;s oxidativo, inflamaci&oacute;n, nivel del factor neurotr&oacute;pico derivado (BDNF) fueron evaluados de cerebro. Adem&aacute;s, el comportamiento locomotor se evalu&oacute; mediante la escala de Basso, Beattice y Bresnahan (BBB). Observamos que administraci&oacute;n de soluci&oacute;n salina ricos en hidr&oacute;geno disminuy&oacute; el n&uacute;mero de c&eacute;lulas apopt&oacute;ticas, suprimi&oacute; el estr&eacute;s oxidativo y mejora funciones del aparato locomotoras. Soluci&oacute;n salina ricos en hidr&oacute;geno aumenta la liberaci&oacute;n de BDNF. En conclusi&oacute;n, soluci&oacute;n salina ricos en hidr&oacute;geno hab&iacute;a reducido lesi&oacute;n de contusi&oacute;n medular aguda, posiblemente por la reducci&oacute;n del estr&eacute;s oxidativo y la elevaci&oacute;n del FNDC.

Soluci&oacute;n salina ricos en hidr&oacute;geno y protege contra el da&ntilde;o de la m&eacute;dula espinal en ratas.

Axon growth is crucial for injured neural tissue to recover; however it is difficult to achieve in general. Axon outgrowth is inhibited by the activation of the Nogo receptor (NgR) by one of three different ligands. The present study aimed to suppress the inhibitory effect of the three inhibitory proteins to facilitate axon outgrowth.

Effect of lentiviral shRNA of Nogo receptor on rat cortex neuron axon outgrowth.

The limited regenerative capability of central neurons and inhibitory factors are the main causes of axonal regeneration failure after spinal cord injury (SCI). Nogo receptors (NgR) are a family of receptors shared by three factors that inhibit axon outgrowth. In a previous study, siNgR199, an effective lentiviral siRNA vector of NgR1, was constructed and transfected into cortical neurons in vitro, and it effectively promoted axon outgrowth. The present study focused on the therapeutic effect of delivery of a recombinant lentivirus containing siNgR199 in vivo in rats.

Lentivirus-siNgR199 promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery in rats.

To reduce cost and secondary pollution of spent lithium ion battery (LIB) recycling caused by complicated separation and purification, a novel simplified recycling process is investigated in this paper. Removal of magnesium is a common issue in hydrometallurgy process. Considering magnesium as an important additive in LIB modification, tolerant level of magnesium in leachate is explored as well. Based on the novel recycling technology, Li[(Ni(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3))(1-x)Mg(x)]O(2) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) cathode materials are achieved from spent LIB. Tests of XRD, SEM, TG-DTA and so on are carried out to evaluate material properties. Electrochemical test shows an initial charge and discharge capacity of the regenerated LiNi(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3)O(2) to be 175.4 mAh g(-1) and 152.7 mAh g(-1) (2.7-4.3 V, 0.2C), respectively. The capacity remains 94% of the original value after 50 cycles (2.7-4.3 V, 1C). Results indicate that presence of magnesium up to x=0.01 has no significant impact on overall performance of Li[(Ni(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3))(1-x)Mg(x)]O(2). As a result, magnesium level as high as 360 mg L(-1) in leachate remains tolerable. Compared with conventional limitation of magnesium content, the elimination level of magnesium exceeded general impurity-removal requirement.

Synthesis and performance of Li[(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)(1-x)Mgx]O2 prepared from spent lithium ion batteries.

Through a facile hydrothermal method with a special surfactant triethanolamine (TEA) followed by thermal treatment, monodispersed micro-/nanostructured Co3O4 powders with unique morphology (cube) have been synthesized successfully as anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The regular Co3O4 microcubes (∼2.37 μm in the average side length) consist of many irregular nanoparticles (20-200 nm in diameter, 30-40 nm in thickness) bonded to each other, which greatly inherit the morphology and size of the precursor CoCO3. The specific surface area of Co3O4 powders is about 5.10 m(2)·g(-1) by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and the average pore size is about 3.08 nm by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. In addition, the precursor is verified as a single-crystal, while the mesoporous cubic Co3O4 is a polycrystalline characteristic assembled by numerous single-crystal nanoparticles. More remarkable, the high performance of the micro-/nanostructured cubic Co3O4 powders has been obtained by the electrochemical measurements including high initial discharge capacities (1298 mAhg(-1) at 0.1 C and 1041 mAhg(-1) at 1 C), impressive rate capability, and excellent capacity retention (99.3%, 97.5%, 99.2%, and 89.9% of the first charge capacities after 60 cycles at 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 0.5 C, and 1 C, respectively).

Micro-/nanostructured Co3O4 anode with enhanced rate capability for lithium-ion batteries.

Adsorption of asphaltenes at the water-oil interface contributes to the stability of petroleum emulsions by forming a networked film that can hinder drop-drop coalescence. The interfacial microstructure can either be liquid-like or solid-like, depending on (i) initial bulk concentration of asphaltenes, (ii) interfacial aging time, and (iii) solvent aromaticity. Two techniques--interfacial shear rheology and integrated thin film drainage apparatus--provided equivalent interface aging conditions, enabling direct correlation of the interfacial rheology and droplet stability. The shear rheological properties of the asphaltene film were found to be critical to the stability of contacting drops. With a viscous dominant interfacial microstructure, the coalescence time for two drops in intimate contact was rapid, on the order of seconds. However, as the elastic contribution develops and the film microstructure begins to be dominated by elasticity, the two drops in contact do not coalescence. Such step-change transition in coalescence is thought to be related to the high shear yield stress (~10(4) Pa), which is a function of the film shear yield point and the film thickness (as measured by quartz crystal microbalance), and the increased elastic stiffness of the film that prevents mobility and rupture of the asphaltene film, which when in a solid-like state provides an energy barrier against drop coalescence.

Problematic stabilizing films in petroleum emulsions: shear rheological response of viscoelastic asphaltene films and the effect on drop coalescence.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been detected in all provinces of China. Although epidemiological and phylogenetic studies have been conducted in many regions, such analyses are lacking from Jilin province in northeastern China.

HIV-1 diversity and drug-resistant mutations in infected individuals in Changchun, China.

In this study, novel core-shell ellipsoidal MnCo2O4 powders with desired micro/nano-structure and a unique concentration gradient have been synthesized as anode material for Li-ion batteries. The special porous ellipsoid (2.5-4.5 μm in the long axis, 1.5-2.5 μm in the short axis, 200-300 nm in the thickness of shell) is built up by irregular nanoparticles attached to each other, and corresponding to the ellipsoid with concentration gradient, the Co/Mn atomic ratios of core and shell are about 1.76:1 and 2.34:1, respectively. The good performance, including high initial discharge capacities (1433.3 mAhg(-1) at 0.1 Ag(-1) and 1248.4 mAhg(-1) at 0.4 Ag(-1)), advanced capacity retention (∼900.0 mAhg(-1) after 60 cycles at 0.1 Ag(-1)), and fair rate performance (∼620.0 mAhg(-1) after 50 cycles at 0.4 Ag(-1)) has been measured by the battery test. Remarkably, the ellipsoidal shape and core-shell microstructure with concentration gradient are still maintained after 70 cycles of charge/discharge at 0.1 Ag(-1).

Core-shell ellipsoidal MnCo₂O₄ anode with micro-/nano-structure and concentration gradient for lithium-ion batteries.

Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) has been proven to be a powerful research tool to investigate in situ interactions between nanoparticles and different functionalized surfaces in liquids. QCM-D can also be used to quantitatively determine adsorption kinetics of polymers, DNA and proteins from solutions on various substrate surfaces while providing insights into conformations of adsorbed molecules. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on various important applications of QCM-D, focusing on deposition of nanoparticles and attachment-detachment of nanoparticles on model membranes in complex fluid systems. We will first describe the working principle of QCM-D and DLVO theory pertinent to understanding nanoparticle deposition phenomena. The interactions between different nanoparticles and functionalized surfaces for different application areas are then critically reviewed. Finally, the potential applications of QCM-D in other important fields are proposed and knowledge gaps are identified.

QCM-D study of nanoparticle interactions.

We report a facile synthesis of a novel cobalt oxide (Co3O4) hierarchical nanostructure, in which crystalline core-amorphous shell Co3O4 nanoparticles with a bimodal size distribution are uniformly dispersed on ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheets. When tested as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the as-prepared Co3O4 hierarchical electrodes delivered high lithium storage properties comparing to the other Co3O4 nanostructures, including a high reversible capacity of 1053.1 mAhg(-1) after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.2 C (1 C = 890 mAg(-1)), good cycling stability and rate capability.

Nanoparticle Decorated Ultrathin Porous Nanosheets as Hierarchical Co3O4 Nanostructures for Lithium Ion Battery Anode Materials.

Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation is crucial for nerve regeneration following nerve injury. This study aims to investigate effects of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on SCs proliferation in vitro, as well as the corresponding mechanism. Rat SCs were treated with 100 ng/ml rat IL-22 for 48 h, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected using fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. After transcriptome sequencing, raw reads were filtered and mapped to reference genome rn5. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) between IL-22 and control groups were identified (tool: Cuffdiff). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed (tool: GOFunction), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed (tool: STRING and Cytoscape). Furthermore, Pearson's correlations between DEGs and DElncRNAs were analyzed, and regulatory network of DEGs, DElncRNAs, and transcription factors (TFs) was constructed. IL-22 significantly inhibited proliferation (p value < 0.05) and promoted apoptosis of Schwann cells. Totally, 932 DEGs and 118 DElncRNAs were identified, among which Ccl2 and Ccna2 were hub genes in PPI network. Up-regulated DEGs were enriched in apoptosis related terms, whereas down-regulated DEGs were enriched in proliferation related terms. DElncRNAs like NONRATT023505, NONRATG020400, and NONRATT022748 were correlated with multiple DEGs enriched in cell cycle and division. Moreover, up-regulated TFs Egr1, Cebpd, and Atf4 play crucial roles in regulatory network, and NONRATG020400-Cebpd-Ccl2, NONRATT023505/NONRATT022748-Atf4-Ccna2, and NONRATT022748-Egr1-Id1/Aldoc/Eno2/F3/Serpine1 regulatory pathways were identified in SCs after IL-22 treatment. IL-22 might influence SCs proliferation and apoptosis via regulating lncRNA-TF-gene pathways in SCs. However, more studies are required to confirm these results.

IL-22 Impedes the Proliferation of Schwann cells: Transcriptome Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis.

Deoiling process is a key issue for recovering metal values from spent hydrotreating catalysts. The oils can be removed with organic solvents, but the industrialized application of this method is greatly hampered by the high cost and complex processes. Despite the roasting method is simple and low-cost, it generates hardest-to-recycle impurities (CoMoO4 or NiMoO4) and enormous toxic gases. In this study, a novel and facile approach to remove oils from the spent hydrotreating catalysts is developed. Firstly, surface properties of spent catalysts are characterized to reveal the possibility of oil removal. And then, oils are removed with water solution under the conditions of 90°C, 0.1wt% SDS, 2.0wt% NaOH and 10ml/gL/S ratio for 4h. Finally, thermal treatment and leaching tests are carried out to further explore the advantages of oil removal. The results show that no hardest-to-recycle impurity CoMoO4 is found in XPS spectra of thermally treated samples after deoiling and molybdenum is leached completely with sodium carbonate solution. It means that the proposed deoiling method can not only remove oils simply and without enormous harmful gases generating, but also avoid the generation of detrimental impurity and promote recycling of valuable metals from spent hydrotreating catalysts.

Oil removal of spent hydrotreating catalyst CoMo/Al2O3 via a facile method with enhanced metal recovery.

A novel process for extracting transition metals, recovering lithium and regenerating cathode materials based on facile co-extraction and co-precipitation processes has been developed. 100% manganese, 99% cobalt and 85% nickel are co-extracted and separated from lithium by D2EHPA in kerosene. Then, Li is recovered from the raffinate as Li2CO3 with the purity of 99.2% by precipitation method. Finally, organic load phase is stripped with 0.5M H2SO4, and the cathode material LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is directly regenerated from stripping liquor without separating metal individually by co-precipitation method. The regenerative cathode material LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is miro spherical morphology without any impurities, which can meet with LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 production standard of China and exhibits good electrochemical performance. Moreover, a waste battery management model is introduced to guarantee the material supply for spent battery recycling.

Lithium recycling and cathode material regeneration from acid leach liquor of spent lithium-ion battery via facile co-extraction and co-precipitation processes.

Silica-silver nanocomposites (Ag-SBA-15) are a novel class of multifunctional materials with potential applications as sorbents, catalysts, sensors, and disinfectants. In this work, an innovative yet simple and robust method of depositing silver nanoparticles on a mesoporous silica (SBA-15) was developed. The synthesized Ag-SBA-15 was found to achieve a complete capture of Hg(0) at temperatures up to 200 °C. Silver nanoparticles on the SBA-15 were shown to be the critical active sites for the capture of Hg(0) by the Ag-Hg(0) amalgamation mechanism. An Hg(0) capture capacity as high as 13.2 mg·g(-1) was achieved by Ag(10)-SBA-15, which is much higher than that achievable by existing Ag-based sorbents and comparable with that achieved by commercial activated carbon. Even after exposure to more complex simulated flue gas flow for 1 h, the Ag(10)-SBA-15 could still achieve an Hg(0) removal efficiency as high as 91.6% with a Hg(0) capture capacity of 457.3 μg·g(-1). More importantly, the spent sorbent could be effectively regenerated and reused without noticeable performance degradation over five cycles. The excellent Hg(0) removal efficiency combined with a simple synthesis procedure, strong tolerance to complex flue gas environment, great thermal stability, and outstanding regeneration capability make the Ag-SBA-15 a promising sorbent for practical applications to Hg(0) capture from coal-fired flue gases.

Article	Year
Cervical corpectomy with preserved posterior vertebral wall for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a randomized control clinical study. Spine\| PubMed ID: 17572615	2007
Hydrogen-rich saline protects against spinal cord injury in rats. Neurochemical research\| PubMed ID: 20354783	2010
Effect of lentiviral shRNA of Nogo receptor on rat cortex neuron axon outgrowth. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques\| PubMed ID: 21156443	2011
Lentivirus-siNgR199 promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery in rats. The International journal of neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 22023338	2012
Synthesis and performance of Li[(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)(1-x)Mgx]O2 prepared from spent lithium ion batteries. Journal of hazardous materials\| PubMed ID: 23298741	2013
Micro-/nanostructured Co3O4 anode with enhanced rate capability for lithium-ion batteries. ACS applied materials & interfaces\| PubMed ID: 24791835	2014
Problematic stabilizing films in petroleum emulsions: shear rheological response of viscoelastic asphaltene films and the effect on drop coalescence. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids\| PubMed ID: 24845467	2014
HIV-1 diversity and drug-resistant mutations in infected individuals in Changchun, China. PloS one\| PubMed ID: 24945273	2014
Core-shell ellipsoidal MnCo₂O₄ anode with micro-/nano-structure and concentration gradient for lithium-ion batteries. ACS applied materials & interfaces\| PubMed ID: 25347519	2014
QCM-D study of nanoparticle interactions. Advances in colloid and interface science\| PubMed ID: 26546115	2016
Nanoparticle Decorated Ultrathin Porous Nanosheets as Hierarchical Co3O4 Nanostructures for Lithium Ion Battery Anode Materials. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 26846434	2016
IL-22 Impedes the Proliferation of Schwann cells: Transcriptome Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis. Molecular neurobiology\| PubMed ID: 26960328	2017
Oil removal of spent hydrotreating catalyst CoMo/Al2O3 via a facile method with enhanced metal recovery. Journal of hazardous materials\| PubMed ID: 27484947	2016
Lithium recycling and cathode material regeneration from acid leach liquor of spent lithium-ion battery via facile co-extraction and co-precipitation processes. Waste management (New York, N.Y.)\| PubMed ID: 28336333	2017
Silica-Silver Nanocomposites as Regenerable Sorbents for Hg(0) Removal from Flue Gases. Environmental science & technology\| PubMed ID: 28823171	2017

Shengming Xu

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