implantation-chronic-silicon-probes-recording-hippocampal-place-cells

Implantation of Chronic Silicon Probes and Recording of Hippocampal Place Cells in an Enriched Treadmill Apparatus

An important requisite for understanding brain function is the identification of behavior and cell activity correlates. Silicon probes are advanced ...

Korea Institute of Science and Technology

University of Science and Technology

We present a reduced-phase dual-illumination interferometer (RPDII) that measures the topography of a sample with large step height variation. We experimentally demonstrate the basic principle and the feasibility of this novel single-shot quantitative phase imaging. Two beams of this interferometer illuminate a sample at different incident angles, and two phases of the different incident angles and their phase difference are simultaneously recorded using three spatial frequencies. The relative phase difference between two beams of an RPDII can be controlled by adjusting the angle such that the maximum phase difference is smaller than 2π, and thus there is no phase wrapping ambiguity in the reconstructed phase. One 4f optical system with a transmission grating is used to illuminate the sample with two collimated beams incident at different angles. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated by measuring the thicknesses of two stepped metal layers with heights of 150 and 660 μm. Although the change in stepped height is more than 1000 times the wavelength of the laser used in our interferometer, the thicknesses of these two metal layers are successfully obtained without the use of an unwrapping algorithm.

Reduced-phase dual-illumination interferometer for measuring large stepped objects.

We present a reduced-phase triple-illumination interferometer (RPTII) as a novel single-shot technique to increase the precision of dual-illumination optical phase unwrapping techniques. The technique employs two measurement ranges to record both low-precision unwrapped and high-precision wrapped phases. To unwrap the high-precision phase, a hierarchical optical phase unwrapping algorithm is used with the low-precision unwrapped phase. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated by measuring a stepped object with a height 2100 times greater than the wavelength of the source. The phase is reconstructed without applying any numerical unwrapping algorithms, and its noise level is decreased by a factor of ten.

Large step-phase measurement by a reduced-phase triple-illumination interferometer.

We present a quasi-common-path interferometer with a double field of view (FOV). The laser beam of an imaging system is separated into three parts using three mirrors; the first and second beams are used to image two different areas of a sample, while the third beam functions as a reference beam. The reference beam is prepared by making clear area in a sample and projecting it on an image sensor. A double FOV is obtained by Fourier domain multiplexing, whereby two interferometric images corresponding to two different areas of a sample are modulated with two different spatial carrier frequencies. The feasibility of this technique is experimentally demonstrated by imaging two different areas of a test target with a single image sensor.

Double-field-of-view, quasi-common-path interferometer using Fourier domain multiplexing.

Silicon probes are multisite electrodes used for the electrophysiological recording of large neuronal ensembles. Optoelectronic probes (OEPs) are recent upgrades that allow, in parallel, the delivery of local optical stimuli. The procedures to use these delicate electrodes for chronic experiments in mice are still underdeveloped and typically assume one-time uses. Here, we developed a micro-drive, a support for OEPs optical fibers, and a hat enclosure, which fabrications consist in fitting and fastening together plastic parts made with 3D printers. Excluding two parts, all components and electrodes are relatively simple to recover after the experiments, via the loosening of screws. To prevent the plugging of OEPs laser sources from altering the stability of recordings, the OEPs fibers can be transiently anchored to the hat via the tightening of screws. We test the stability of recordings in the mouse hippocampus under three different conditions: acute head-fixed, chronic head-fixed, and chronic freely moving. Drift in spike waveforms is significantly smaller in chronic compared to acute conditions, with the plugging/unplugging of head-stage and fiber connectors not affecting much the recording stability. Overall, these tools generate stable recordings of place cell in chronic conditions, and make the recovery and reuse of electrode packages relatively simple.

Article	Year
Reduced-phase dual-illumination interferometer for measuring large stepped objects. Optics letters\| PubMed ID: 25360973	2014
Large step-phase measurement by a reduced-phase triple-illumination interferometer. Optics express\| PubMed ID: 25969222	2015
Double-field-of-view, quasi-common-path interferometer using Fourier domain multiplexing. Optics express\| PubMed ID: 26480193	2015
Micro-drive and headgear for chronic implant and recovery of optoelectronic probes. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 28584246	2017

Farnaz Sharif

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