subject-specific-musculoskeletal-model-for-studying-bone-strain

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Bone stress injuries are common in sports and military trainings. Repetitive large ground impact forces during training could be the cause. It is ...

Ball State University

It is reported that a majority of the patients with knee osteoarthritis have cartilage degeneration in medial and patellofemoral compartments. A bi-compartmental knee replacement system was designed to treat osteoarthritis at medial and patellofemoral compartments. To date, there is very little information regarding the knee mechanics during gait after bi-compartmental knee replacement. The purpose of the study was to evaluate knee strength and mechanics during level walking after knee replacement.

Gait analysis after bi-compartmental knee replacement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cold-water immersion on kinematics and kinetics during a drop-landing task. On four separate occasions, 9 men performed drop-landings from a 0.6-m platform to a force platform following 30-min immersion to the hip-joint in thermoneutral water (control; 34 degrees C) and in cold water (20 degrees C) to the ankle (low level), knee (medium level), and hip (high level) joints. Sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics were determined. One-way repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Compared to the control, the low-level condition had similar joint mechanics, the medium level showed 26% less ankle mechanical work (p = .003), and the high level showed 9% less vertical ground reaction force (p = .025) and 23% less ankle mechanical work (p = .023) with 18% greater trunk flexion (p = .024). In summary, the low-level cold-water immersion had no effect on landing mechanics. The medium- and high-level cold-water immersion resulted in a reduction in impact absorption at the ankle joint during landing. The increased trunk flexion after high-level immersion helped dissipate landing impact.

Changes in landing mechanics after cold-water immersion.

Knee osteoarthritis often occurs in medial and patellofemoral compartments. A bicompartmental knee replacement system replaces these two affected knee compartments and keeps the lateral compartment and cruciate ligaments intact. It is yet to be determined whether limbs with bicompartmental knee systems can demonstrate frontal-plane knee mechanics and hamstring coactivation similar to healthy control limbs during daily activities requiring the weight-bearing knees to bend through a large range of motion (e.g., stand-to-sit). Three-dimensional knee mechanics and quadriceps and hamstring electromyographic data were collected from 8patients with a unilateral bicompartmental knee system and 10 healthy control participants. No differences in frontal-plane knee mechanics and hamstring coactivation were found among the surgical, contralateral, and control limbs during stand-to-sit (p > .05).

Influence of bicompartmental knee replacement on stand-to-sit movement.

Military personnel are commonly afflicted by lower-extremity overuse injuries. Load carriage and muscular fatigue are major stressors during military basic training.

The effects of load carriage and muscle fatigue on lower-extremity joint mechanics.

Recently, individualized frequency (I-Freq) has been introduced with the notion that athletes may elicit a greater reflex response at differing levels (Hz) of vibration. The aim of the study was to evaluate acute whole-body vibration as a feasible intervention to increase power in trained cyclists and evaluate the efficacy of using I-Freq as an alternative to 30Hz, a common frequency seen in the literature. Twelve highly trained, competitive male cyclists (age, 29.9 ± 10.0 years; body height, 175.4 ± 7.8 cm; body mass, 77.3 ± 13.9 kg) participated in the study. A Wingate test for anaerobic power was administered on 3 occasions: following a control of no vibration, 30 Hz, or I-freq. Measures of peak power, average power (AP), and the rate of fatigue were recorded and compared with the vibration conditions using separate repeated measures analysis of variance. Peak power, AP, and the rate of fatigue were not significantly impacted by either the 30 Hz or I-Freq vibration interventions (p > 0.05). Given the trained status of the individuals in this study, the ability to elicit an acute response may have been muted. Future studies should further refine the vibration parameters used and assess changes in untrained or recreationally trained populations.

The effects of whole-body vibration on the Wingate test for anaerobic power when applying individualized frequencies.

Walking is a popular form of exercise and is associated with many health benefits; however, frontal-plane knee joint loading brought about by a large internal knee-abduction moment and cyclic loading could lead to cartilage degeneration over time. Therefore, knee joint mechanics during an alternative walking exercise needs to be analyzed. The purpose of this study was to examine the lower-extremity joint mechanics in the frontal and sagittal planes during incline walking. Fifteen healthy males walked on a treadmill at five gradients (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 1.34m/s, and lower-extremity joint mechanics in the frontal and sagittal planes were quantified. The peak internal knee-abduction moment significantly decreased from the level walking condition at all gradients except 5%. Also, a negative relationship between the internal knee-abduction moment and the treadmill gradient was found to exist in 10% increments (0-10%, 5-15%, and 10-20%). The decrease in the internal knee-abduction moment during incline walking could have positive effects on knee joint health such as potentially reducing cartilage degeneration of the knee joint, reducing pain, and decreasing the rate of development of medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. This would be beneficial for a knee surgery patient, obese persons, and older adults who are using incline walking for rehabilitation and exercise protocols. Findings from the current study can provide guidance for the development of rehabilitation and exercise prescriptions incorporating incline walking.

The influence of incline walking on joint mechanics.

This study examined the relationship between leg preference and knee mechanics in females during sidestepping. Three-dimensional data were recorded on 16 female collegiate footballers during a planned 45° sidestep manoeuvre with their preferred and non-preferred kicking leg. Knee kinematics and kinetics during initial contact, weight acceptance, peak push-off, and final push-off phases of sidestepping were analysed in both legs. The preferred leg showed trivial to small increases (ES = 0.19-0.36) in knee flexion angle at initial contact, weight acceptance, and peak push-off, and small increases (ES = 0.21-0.34) in peak power production and peak knee extension velocity. The non-preferred leg showed a trivial increase (ES = 0.10) in knee abduction angle during weight acceptance; small to moderate increases (ES = 0.22-0.64) in knee internal rotation angle at weight acceptance, peak push-off, and final push-off; a small increase (ES = 0.22) in knee abductor moment; and trivial increases (ES = 0.09-0.14) in peak power absorption and peak knee flexion velocity. The results of this study show that differences do exist between the preferred and non-preferred leg in females. The findings of this study will increase the knowledge base of anterior cruciate ligament injury in females and can aid in the design of more appropriate neuromuscular, plyometric, and strength training protocols for injury prevention.

The relationship between leg preference and knee mechanics during sidestepping in collegiate female footballers.

Newer TKR designs have been introduced to the market with the aim of overcoming common sizing problems with older TKR designs. Furthermore, since a sizable percentage of patients with OA present with disease limited to the medial/lateral knee compartment in addition to the patellofemoral joint, for whom, a customized bi-compartmental knee replacement (BKR) is available as a treatment option. To date, there is very little information regarding knee strength and mechanics during gait for patients implanted with these modern TKR and BKR designs. The purpose of the study was to evaluate knee strength and mechanics during walking for patients with either a modern off the shelf TKR or a customized BKR and compare these findings to a cohort of healthy controls.

Article	Year
Gait analysis after bi-compartmental knee replacement. Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)\| PubMed ID: 19695749	2009
Changes in landing mechanics after cold-water immersion. Research quarterly for exercise and sport\| PubMed ID: 20527297	2010
Influence of bicompartmental knee replacement on stand-to-sit movement. Research quarterly for exercise and sport\| PubMed ID: 22808698	2012
The effects of load carriage and muscle fatigue on lower-extremity joint mechanics. Research quarterly for exercise and sport\| PubMed ID: 24261009	2013
The effects of whole-body vibration on the Wingate test for anaerobic power when applying individualized frequencies. Journal of strength and conditioning research\| PubMed ID: 24378660	2014
The influence of incline walking on joint mechanics. Gait & posture\| PubMed ID: 24472218	2014
The relationship between leg preference and knee mechanics during sidestepping in collegiate female footballers. Sports biomechanics\| PubMed ID: 25204331	2014
Gait analysis of patients with an off-the-shelf total knee replacement versus customized bi-compartmental knee replacement. International orthopaedics\| PubMed ID: 28868567	2018

Henry Wang

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