zika-virus-specific-diagnostic-epitope-discovery

Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery

High-density peptide microarrays allow screening of more than six thousand peptides on a single standard microscopy slide. This method can be applied for ...

Rheonix, Inc.

Meeting the technical challenges of personalized medicine and companion diagnostics.

A versatile microfluidic platform for the evolving molecular diagnostics industry is described. It incorporates low cost Rheonix CARD(®) (Chemistry and Reagent Device) technology to analyze a variety of clinical specimens. A patented lamination process incorporates all pumps, valves, microchannels and reaction compartments into an inexpensive disposable plastic device. Once an untreated clinical specimen is introduced, all assay steps, including cell lysis, nucleic acid purification, multiplex PCR, and end-point analysis, are automatically performed. Three distinct CARD assays are described which utilize either a low density microarray for multiplex detection of amplicons or an integrated primer extension assay to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of interest. The STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections) CARD(®) is able to simultaneously detect four sexually transmitted infectious agents (N. gonorrhoeae, C.trachomatis, T. pallidum and T. vaginalis). Human C33A cervical epithelial cells were spiked with different levels of genomic DNA from the four species of interest, singly or in combination, and applied to the CARD device. Using multiplex PCR amplification of the targets followed by microarray detection, the CARD device was able to correctly detect a minimum of 10 copies of each of the four pathogens. The HPV (Human Papillomavirus) CARD(®) was able to detect and distinguish 20 different clinically relevant HPV types using cloned HPV DNA. In addition, the HPV CARD could identify HPV types in vaginal specimens previously demonstrated to contain high or low risk HPV using a currently commercially available testing method. Finally, the detection of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with warfarin dosing sensitivity was achieved on the Warfarin Genotyping CARD(®) by analyzing human buccal swabs. Once multiplex PCR was completed, the SNPs were detected using a primer extension assay.

Rheonix CARD(®) Technology: An Innovative and Fully Automated Molecular Diagnostic Device.

Although the value of pharmacogenomics to improve patient outcomes has become increasingly clear, adoption in medical practice has been slow, which can be attributed to several factors, including complicated and expensive testing procedures and required equipment, lack of training by private practice physicians, and reluctance of both private and commercial payers to reimburse for such testing.

Determination of genotypes using a fully automated molecular detection system.

We developed a microfluidic system to simultaneously detect host anti-HIV antibodies and viral RNA in the same specimen in order to satisfy two important diagnostic criteria, especially within resource-limited settings. First, the system can detect acute HIV infection and allow immediate confirmation of a seropositive screening result by detection of HIV RNA. It also addresses the well-known "seroconversion window" during early HIV infection when antibodies are not yet detectable and viral loads are at their highest.

A Rapid, Self-confirming Assay for HIV: Simultaneous Detection of Anti-HIV Antibodies and Viral RNA.

A microfluidic system consisting of generic single use cartridges which interface with a workstation allows the automatic performance of all necessary sample preparation, PCR analysis and interpretation of multiplex PCR assays. The cartridges contain a DNA array with 20 different 16mer DNA "universal" probes immobilized at defined locations. PCR amplicons can be detected via hybridization of user-defined "reporter" probes that are complementary at their 3' termini to one or more of the universal probes and complementary to the target amplicons at their 5' termini. The system was able to detect single-plex and multiplex PCR amplicons from various infectious agents as well as wild type and mutant alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms. The system's ease of use was further demonstrated by converting a published PCR assay for the detection of Mycobacterium genitalium in a fully automated manner. Excellent correlation between traditional manual methods and the automated analysis performed by the workstation suggests that the system can provide a means to easily design and implement a variety of customized PCR-based assays. The system will be useful to researchers or clinical investigators seeking to develop their own user defined assays. As the U.S. FDA continues to pursue regulatory oversight of LDTs, the system would also allow labs to continue to develop compliant assays.

Article	Year
Meeting the technical challenges of personalized medicine and companion diagnostics. MLO: medical laboratory observer\| PubMed ID: 22352180	2012
Rheonix CARD(®) Technology: An Innovative and Fully Automated Molecular Diagnostic Device. Point of care\| PubMed ID: 22754401	2012
Determination of genotypes using a fully automated molecular detection system. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine\| PubMed ID: 26030250	2015
A Rapid, Self-confirming Assay for HIV: Simultaneous Detection of Anti-HIV Antibodies and Viral RNA. Journal of AIDS & clinical research\| PubMed ID: 26925300	2016
A modifiable microarray-based universal sensor: providing sample-to-results automation. Heliyon\| PubMed ID: 27812551	2016

Richard Montagna

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