in-vivo-morphometric-analysis-human-cranial-nerves-using-magnetic

<em>In Vivo</em> Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Meni&#232;re's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears

Analysis of neural structures in Meni&#232;re's Disease (MD) is of importance, since a loss of such structures has previously been proposed for this ...

LMU Munich

Whole-body CT (WBCT) is the imaging modality of choice during the initial diagnostic work-up of multiple injured patients in order to identify serious injuries and initiate adequate treatment immediately. However, delayed diagnosed or even missed injuries have been reported frequently ranging from 1.3% to 47%.

Incidence of delayed and missed diagnoses in whole-body multidetector CT in patients with multiple injuries after trauma.

Traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death in adults < 45 years of age. Musculoskeletal trauma accounts for a substantial number of injuries in patients sustaining polytrauma. The diagnostic work-up of those patients is challenging, complex, and requires a structured and interdisciplinary workflow. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is considered the imaging modality of choice due to remarkable technical developments in recent years. Besides the evaluation of cranial, chest, and abdominal injuries, MDCT allows for integrated imaging of musculoskeletal trauma within a single CT examination. In this context, CT angiography facilitates the detection of coexisting vascular injuries after trauma of the skeleton. In addition, recent technologies (e.g., dual-energy CT) provide promising applications such as metal artifact reduction. This article summarizes the basic principles of interdisciplinary management of polytrauma patients, reviews recent advances of CT technology that have enabled comprehensive trauma imaging, provides appropriate scan protocols, and discusses the radiologic evaluation of musculoskeletal findings.

Polytrauma: optimal imaging and evaluation algorithm.

[Change in the editor of Der Radiologe].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DW-MRI) in the assessment of treatment response of primary or secondary liver malignancies after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using robotic radiosurgery. All patients who underwent SRS therapy for hepatic malignancies who had pre- and post-interventional MR examinations including DW-MRI at our hospital between 02/2010 and 02/2012 were included. A retrospective analysis of the institutional imaging database identified 13 patients (4 men, 9 women, mean age: 66 years) with a total of 14 primary or secondary liver malignancies. Criteria of tumor response to treatment were a decrease in size and/or loss of contrast enhancement as assessed with respect to RECIST criteria. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for normal liver parenchyma and hepatic masses in each MR examination were calculated and compared using two-tailed, paired t-test with a significance level of 0.05. Mean ADC values of liver malignancies were 1.10 ± 0.30 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, 1.48 ± 0.35 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s and 1.56 ± 0.40 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s on pre-interventional, the first post-interventional, and the second post-interventional DW-MRI. There was a significant increase of ADC values between the pre-interventional examination and the first and second post-interventional follow-up exams (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). However, there was no statistical difference between the ADC values of the first and second post-interventional MRI. ADC values of normal liver parenchyma did not show significant changes in ADC values during pre- and post-interventional MRI. ADC measurements may allow the evaluation of response to treatment of hepatic malignancies by SRS. ADC values of liver malignancies increase significantly after SRS treatment.

Diffusion-weighted MRI Before and After Robotic Radiosurgery (Cyberknife®) in Primary and Secondary Liver Malignancies: A Pilot Study.

To determine the feasibility of free-breathing, GRAPPA-based, real-time (RT) cine 3T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high acceleration factors for the assessment of left-ventricular function in a cohort of patients as compared to conventional segmented cine imaging.

Feasibility of free-breathing, GRAPPA-based, real-time cardiac cine assessment of left-ventricular function in cardiovascular patients at 3T.

25 years of European Radiology.

Based on intravascular ultrasound of the coronary arteries expansive arterial remodeling is supposed to be a feature of the vulnerable atheroslerotic plaque. However, till now little is known regarding the clinical impact of expansive remodeling of carotid lesions. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the correlation of expansive arterial remodeling of the carotid arteries with atherosclerotic plaque composition and vulnerability using in-vivo Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR).

Expansive arterial remodeling of the carotid arteries and its effect on atherosclerotic plaque composition and vulnerability: an in-vivo black-blood 3T CMR study in symptomatic stroke patients.

Endovascular therapy in addition to standard care (EVT+SC) has been demonstrated to be more effective than SC in acute ischemic large vessel occlusion stroke. Our aim was to determine the cost-effectiveness of EVT+SC depending on patients' initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, time from symptom onset, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), and occlusion location.

Cost-Effectiveness of Endovascular Stroke Therapy: A Patient Subgroup Analysis From a US Healthcare Perspective.

25th Anniversary of European Radiology.

European Radiology: Thank you, goodbye and good luck!

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of early stage imaging of acute lung inflammation in mice using grating-based X-ray dark-field imaging in vivo. Acute lung inflammation was induced in mice by orotracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase. Control mice received orotracheal instillation of PBS. Mice were imaged immediately before and 1 day after the application of elastase or PBS to assess acute changes in pulmonary structure due to lung inflammation. Subsequently, 6 mice from each group were sacrificed and their lungs were lavaged and explanted for histological analysis. A further 7, 14 and 21 days later the remaining mice were imaged again. All images were acquired with a prototype grating-based small-animal scanner to generate dark-field and transmission radiographs. Lavage confirmed that mice in the experimental group had developed acute lung inflammation one day after administration of elastase. Acute lung inflammation was visible as a striking decrease in signal intensity of the pulmonary parenchyma on dark-field images at day 1. Quantitative analysis confirmed that dark-field signal intensity at day 1 was significantly lower than signal intensities measured at the remaining timepoints, confirming that acute lung inflammation can be depicted in vivo with dark-field radiography.

X-Ray Dark-field Imaging to Depict Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice.

Ultrasound of the gastrointestinal system has become more popular among clinicians and is an important tool for evaluation and follow-up. Ultrasound has a special value in patients with Crohn's disease for the evaluation of disease activity but also for the evaluation of abdominal complications and shows comparable results to other imaging modalities. With the introduction of elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound into clinical routine, THE sonographic evaluation of the small bowel is even more sophisticated and even more precise. This case report summarizes all available modern ultrasound imaging technologies and highlights the possibilities in daily clinical use.

The added value of contemporary ultrasound technologies in the diagnosis of malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal system - a case report.

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of x-ray dark-field radiography to detect pneumothoraces in a pig model. Eight pigs were imaged with an experimental grating-based large-animal dark-field scanner before and after induction of a unilateral pneumothorax. Image contrast-to-noise ratios between lung tissue and the air-filled pleural cavity were quantified for transmission and dark-field radiograms. The projected area in the object plane of the inflated lung was measured in dark-field images to quantify the collapse of lung parenchyma due to a pneumothorax. Means and standard deviations for lung sizes and signal intensities from dark-field and transmission images were tested for statistical significance using Student's two-tailed t-test for paired samples. The contrast-to-noise ratio between the air-filled pleural space of lateral pneumothoraces and lung tissue was significantly higher in the dark-field (3.65 ± 0.9) than in the transmission images (1.13 ± 1.1; p = 0.002). In case of dorsally located pneumothoraces, a significant decrease (-20.5%; p > 0.0001) in the projected area of inflated lung parenchyma was found after a pneumothorax was induced. Therefore, the detection of pneumothoraces in x-ray dark-field radiography was facilitated compared to transmission imaging in a large animal model.

Article	Year
Incidence of delayed and missed diagnoses in whole-body multidetector CT in patients with multiple injuries after trauma. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)\| PubMed ID: 23481653	2013
Polytrauma: optimal imaging and evaluation algorithm. Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology\| PubMed ID: 24101177	2013
[Change in the editor of Der Radiologe]. Der Radiologe\| PubMed ID: 24402725	2014
Diffusion-weighted MRI Before and After Robotic Radiosurgery (Cyberknife®) in Primary and Secondary Liver Malignancies: A Pilot Study. Technology in cancer research & treatment\| PubMed ID: 24502549	2015
Feasibility of free-breathing, GRAPPA-based, real-time cardiac cine assessment of left-ventricular function in cardiovascular patients at 3T. European journal of radiology\| PubMed ID: 25791016	2015
25 years of European Radiology. European radiology\| PubMed ID: 26727934	2016
Expansive arterial remodeling of the carotid arteries and its effect on atherosclerotic plaque composition and vulnerability: an in-vivo black-blood 3T CMR study in symptomatic stroke patien... Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance\| PubMed ID: 26940800	2016
Cost-Effectiveness of Endovascular Stroke Therapy: A Patient Subgroup Analysis From a US Healthcare Perspective. Stroke\| PubMed ID: 27758942	2016
25th Anniversary of European Radiology. European radiology\| PubMed ID: 27900524	2017
European Radiology: Thank you, goodbye and good luck! European radiology\| PubMed ID: 29075840	2017
X-Ray Dark-field Imaging to Depict Acute Lung Inflammation in Mice. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 29391514	2018
The added value of contemporary ultrasound technologies in the diagnosis of malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal system - a case report. Medical ultrasonography\| PubMed ID: 29400377	2018
Depiction of pneumothoraces in a large animal model using x-ray dark-field radiography. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 29422512	2018

Maximilian F. Reiser

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