determination-protein-expression-level-cultured-cells

Determination of Protein Expression Level in Cultured Cells by Immunocytochemistry on Paraffin-embedded Cell Blocks

Immunofluorescent staining is currently the method of choice for determination of protein expression levels in cell-culture systems when morphological ...

National Cancer Center

We have shown both LLC1 expression in the lung epithelium by in situ hybridization and its inactivation in lung cancer by epigenetic modification. However, LLC1 protein's cellular localization or its role in normal lung or cancer tissues has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody against recombinant LLC1 was produced, and immunohistochemical staining was performed on arrays including various human tissues, normal lung and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues for LLC1 localization. The immunohistochemical results showed LLC1 expression in the cilia of normal-airway epithelial cells and in the cytoplasm of type II pneumocytes in bronchiectatic patients, but no expression in most of the NSCLC tissues, which is consistent with our previous report positing LLC1 as a tumor suppressor. However, LLC1 over-expression in NSCLC cell lines NCI-H1299 and NCI-H23 did not show any change in proliferation or migration, which does not indicate any LLC1 tumor-suppressor role. As for the other human tissues, LLC1 was localized in renal tubular cells, pancreatic acinar cells, and epithelial cells of the stomach, duodenum, and gallbladder. In summary, our findings suggest that LLC1 is not a tumor suppressor, and that it is localized in the cilia of the normal lung epithelium but is absent in most NSCLC cases, probably due to the loss of cilia during lung carcinogenesis. 

Immunohistochemical localization of LLC1 in human tissues and its limited expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

Proliferation activity has already been established as a prognostic marker or as a marker for anticancer drug sensitivity. In gastric cancer, however, the prognostic significance of proliferation activity is still being debated. Several studies evaluating proliferation activity using Ki-67 have shown controversial results in terms of the relationship between proliferation activity and overall survival (OS) or drug sensitivity in gastric cancer patients. Because cytoskeleton-associated protein 2 (CKAP2) staining has recently been introduced as a marker of proliferation activity, we analyzed 437 gastric cancer tissues through CKAP2 immunohistochemistry, and we evaluated the chromatin CKAP2-positive cell count (CPCC) for proliferation activity. Although the CPCC did not show any significant correlation with OS in the male, female or total number of cases, it did show a significant correlation in the T1 or T2 male patient subgroup, according to log-rank tests (P=0.001) and univariate analysis (P=0.045). Additionally, multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazard regression model showed a significant correlation between the CPCC and OS (P=0.039) for the co-variables of age, gender, T stage, N stage, histology, tumor location, tumor size and adjuvant chemotherapy. In male gastric cancer cell lines, faster-growing cancer cells showed higher sensitivity to cisplatin than slow-growing cells. Thus our study indicates that CPCC-measured proliferation activity demonstrates a significantly worse prognosis in T1 or T2 male gastric cancer patients. The CPCC will help to more precisely classify gastric cancer patients and to select excellent candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy, which in turn will facilitate further clinical chemotherapeutic trials. 

Clinical implications of proliferation activity in T1 or T2 male gastric cancer patients.

The importance of hypomethylation in SLE is well recognized; however, the significance of hypermethylation has not been well characterized. We screened hypermethylated marks in SLE and investigated their possible implications.

CD3Z hypermethylation is associated with severe clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and reduces CD3ζ-chain expression in T cells.

Recently, we reported cytoskeleton-associated protein2 (CKAP2) as a possible new prognostic breast cancer marker. However, it has not yet been applied in clinic. Therefore, clinical significance of CKAP2 was evaluated in comparison with that of Ki-67 in a cohort of breast cancer patients, and the expression difference was analyzed in cell cycle-arrested cancer and fibroblast cells.

Article	Year
Immunohistochemical localization of LLC1 in human tissues and its limited expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Histology and histopathology\| PubMed ID: 25786037	2015
Clinical implications of proliferation activity in T1 or T2 male gastric cancer patients. Experimental & molecular medicine\| PubMed ID: 26542785	2015
CD3Z hypermethylation is associated with severe clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and reduces CD3ζ-chain expression in T cells. Rheumatology (Oxford, England)\| PubMed ID: 27940592	2017
CKAP2 (cytoskeleton-associated protein2) is a new prognostic marker in HER2-negative luminal type breast cancer. PloS one\| PubMed ID: 28771517	2017

Shiv Poojan

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