a-microphysiologic-platform-for-human-fat-sandwiched-white-adipose

A Microphysiologic Platform for Human Fat: Sandwiched White Adipose Tissue

White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a crucial role in regulating weight and everyday health.  Still, there are significant limitations to available primary ...

modeling-breast-cancer-human-breast-tissue-using-microphysiological

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System

Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of death for women. Despite more than $700 million invested in BC research annually, 97% of candidate BC drugs ...

louisiana state university health sciences center

An efficient, low pressure fat aspiration system for lipofilling procedures.

Resident work hours are under scrutiny and have been subject to multiple restrictions. The studies supporting these changes have not included data on surgical residents. We studied the workday of a team of plastic surgery residents to establish prospective time-study data of plastic surgery (PRS) residents at a single tertiary-care academic medical center.

A Time Study of Plastic Surgery Residents.

Reduction mammaplasty is one of the most commonly performed plastic surgery operations. For a majority of techniques, the most common long-term complication is pseudoptosis. It has previously been proposed that upper breast suspensory ligaments (SL) are weaker than lower breast SL. We tested this hypothesis through anthropometry of the proxies for upper and lower SL strength: the sternal notch-nipple (SN-N) distance and the nipple-inframammary fold (N-IMF) distance, respectively.

The Sternum-Nipple Distance is Double the Nipple-Inframammary Fold Distance in Macromastia.

 Variations in anterolateral thigh (ALT) arterial anatomy are well documented. Ethnicity is a known risk factor for vascular variation in several organ systems, but its impact on ALT anatomy has not been studied. Anecdotally, we observed frequent ALT arterial variation in African American (AA) patients. We thus hypothesized that AA patients have higher rates of anomalous branching.

Variations in the Anterolateral Thigh Flap's Vascular Anatomy in African Americans.

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a critical organ in both health and disease. However, physiologically faithful tissue culture models of primary human WAT remain limited, at best. In this study we describe a novel WAT culture system in which primary human WAT is sandwiched between tissue-engineered sheets of adipose-derived stromal cells. This construct, called "sandwiched white adipose tissue" (SWAT), can be defined as a microphysiological system (MPS) since it is a tissue-engineered, multicellular, three-dimensional organ construct produced using human cells. We validated SWAT against the National Institutes of Health MPS standards and found that SWAT is viable in culture for 8 weeks, retains physiologic responses to exogenous signaling, secretes adipokines, and engrafts into animal models. These attributes position SWAT as a powerful tool for the study of WAT physiology, pathophysiology, personalized medicine, and pharmaceutical development.

Sandwiched White Adipose Tissue: A Microphysiological System of Primary Human Adipose Tissue.

Phentermine is the most prescribed antiobesity drug in America, with 2.43 million prescriptions written in 2011. Case reports suggest there are anesthetic risks, such as refractory hypotension, involved with its perioperative use. Despite these risks and the frequency of phentermine use among plastic surgery patients, there are no published guidelines for the perioperative management of phentermine use in the plastic surgery literature. To address this patient safety issue, we performed a systematic review and provide management recommendations.

Phentermine: A Systematic Review for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons.

Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, prevents diet-induced weight gain and improves glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents. There is evidence that naringenin activates brown fat and increases energy expenditure in mice, but little is known about its effects in humans. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of naringenin on energy expenditure in adipose tissue.

Naringenin Promotes Thermogenic Gene Expression in Human White Adipose Tissue.

Today, plastic surgeons have largely transitioned to digital photography. This shift has introduced new risks to daily workflows, notably data theft and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Noncompliance in Patient Photograph Management in Plastic Surgery.

Breast tissue expanders (TEs) with magnetic infusion ports are labeled "MR Unsafe." Therefore, patients with these implants are typically prevented from undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report a patient with a total submuscular breast TE who inadvertently underwent an MRI exam. She subsequently developed expander exposure, requiring explantation and autologous reconstruction. The safety profile of TEs with magnetic ports and the use of MRI in patients with these implants is surprisingly controversial. Therefore, we present our case report, a systematic literature review, and propose procedural guidelines to help ensure the safety of patients with TEs with magnetic ports that need to undergo MRI exams.

Reconsidering the "MR Unsafe" breast tissue expander with magnetic infusion port: A case report and literature review.

 Harvest of the radial forearm flap (RFF) for reconstructive surgery is proceeded by the Allen test to assess for adequate contralateral perfusion of the hand, yet the Allen test may fail to detect anatomical variations in the radial artery such as aberrant branching. Therefore, the goal of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding anatomical abnormalities of the radial artery that can affect flap harvest and to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of such abnormalities.

Prevalence of Accessory Branches and Other Anatomical Variations in the Radial Artery Encountered during Radial Forearm Flap Harvest: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Incisional hernias (IH) are iatrogenically created in 400 000 new patients annually. Without repair, IH-associated complications can result in major illness and death. The health disparities literature suggests that under-represented patients present more frequently with surgical emergencies. The health disparities associated with IH remain relatively unstudied.

Health Disparities in Incisional Hernia Presentation : An Analysis of HCUP-NIS Years 2012-2014.

Incisional hernias represent an acquired defect from failed healing of an abdominal facial incision and are therefore distinct from primary hernias. While literature regarding incisional hernia incidence, risk factors, and treatment are abundant, no study has examined national health disparities specific to incisional hernia repair. The objective of this study was to analyze national health disparities unique to surgical incisional hernia repair procedures.

National health disparities in incisional hernia repair outcomes: An analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) 2012-2014.

Despite a decline in overall incidence rates for cancer in the past decade, due in part to impressive advancements in both diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. BC alone accounts for ∼30% of all new cancer diagnoses in women worldwide. Triple-negative BC (TNBC), defined as having no expression of the estrogen or progesterone receptors and no amplification of the HER2 receptor, is a subtype of BC that does not benefit from the use of estrogen receptor-targeting or HER2-targeting therapies. Differences in socioeconomic factors and cell intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics have been demonstrated in Black and White TNBC patient tumors. The emergence of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models as a surrogate, translational, and functional representation of the patient with TNBC has led to the advances in drug discovery and testing of novel targeted approaches and combination therapies. However, current established TNBC PDX models fail to represent the diverse patient population and, most importantly, the specific ethnic patient populations that have higher rates of incidence and mortality. The primary aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of using clinically relevant translatable tumor models that reflect TNBC human tumor biology and heterogeneity in high-risk patient populations. The focus is to highlight the complexity of BC as it specifically relates to the management of TNBC in Black women. We discuss the importance of utilizing PDX models to study the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the distinct differences in ECM composition and biophysical properties in Black and White women. Finally, we demonstrate the crucial importance of PDX models toward novel drug discovery in this patient population.

Patient-Derived Xenografts as an Innovative Surrogate Tumor Model for the Investigation of Health Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Solid tumor progression is significantly influenced by interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Specifically, the cancer cell-driven changes to ECM fiber alignment and collagen deposition impact tumor growth and metastasis. Current methods of quantifying these processes are incomplete, require simple or artificial matrixes, rely on uncommon imaging techniques, preclude the use of biological and technical replicates, require destruction of the tissue, or are prone to segmentation errors. We present a set of methodological solutions to these shortcomings that were developed to quantify these processes in cultured,  human breast tissue under the influence of breast cancer cells and allow for the study of ECM in primary breast tumors. Herein, we describe a method of quantifying fiber alignment that can analyze complex native ECM from scanning electron micrographs that does not preclude the use of replicates and a high-throughput mechanism of quantifying collagen content that is non-destructive. The use of these methods accurately recapitulated cancer cell-driven changes in fiber alignment and collagen deposition observed by visual inspection. Additionally, these methods successfully identified increased fiber alignment in primary human breast tumors when compared to human breast tissue and increased collagen deposition in lobular breast cancer when compared to ductal breast cancer. The successful quantification of fiber alignment and collagen deposition using these methods encourages their use for future studies of ECM dysregulation in human solid tumors.

ArticleTotal : 2	Year
Publication title Cited by 7	2018
Publication title Cited by 5	2021

Article	Year
An efficient, low pressure fat aspiration system for lipofilling procedures. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS\| PubMed ID: 25465769	2015
A Time Study of Plastic Surgery Residents. Annals of plastic surgery\| PubMed ID: 26954746	2016
The Sternum-Nipple Distance is Double the Nipple-Inframammary Fold Distance in Macromastia. Annals of plastic surgery\| PubMed ID: 28403022	2017
Variations in the Anterolateral Thigh Flap's Vascular Anatomy in African Americans. Journal of reconstructive microsurgery\| PubMed ID: 28987081	2018
Sandwiched White Adipose Tissue: A Microphysiological System of Primary Human Adipose Tissue. Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods\| PubMed ID: 29141507	2018
Phentermine: A Systematic Review for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. Annals of plastic surgery\| PubMed ID: 30204622	2018
Naringenin Promotes Thermogenic Gene Expression in Human White Adipose Tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)\| PubMed ID: 30506905	2019
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Noncompliance in Patient Photograph Management in Plastic Surgery. Annals of plastic surgery\| PubMed ID: 30648996	2019
Reconsidering the "MR Unsafe" breast tissue expander with magnetic infusion port: A case report and literature review. Archives of plastic surgery\| PubMed ID: 30959585	2019
Prevalence of Accessory Branches and Other Anatomical Variations in the Radial Artery Encountered during Radial Forearm Flap Harvest: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of reconstructive microsurgery\| PubMed ID: 32583384	2020
Health Disparities in Incisional Hernia Presentation : An Analysis of HCUP-NIS Years 2012-2014. The American surgeon\| PubMed ID: 32683919	2020
National health disparities in incisional hernia repair outcomes: An analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) 2012-2014. Surgery\| PubMed ID: 33422347	2021
Patient-Derived Xenografts as an Innovative Surrogate Tumor Model for the Investigation of Health Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)\| PubMed ID: 33786503	2020
Quantifying Breast Cancer-Driven Fiber Alignment and Collagen Deposition in Primary Human Breast Tissue. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology\| PubMed ID: 33791282	2021

Frank H. Lau

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