preparation-rhythmically-active-vitro-neonatal-rodent-brainstem

Preparation of Rhythmically-active In Vitro Neonatal Rodent Brainstem-spinal Cord and Thin Slice

Mammalian inspiratory rhythm is generated from a neuronal network in a region of the medulla called the preB&#246;tzinger complex (pBC), which produces a ...

Loma Linda University

IgG4-related pachymeningitis is a serious inflammatory condition that can present with symptoms of mass effect and focal deficits. The first-line therapy is steroids and second-line is chemotherapy (methotrexate, azathioprine, etc.). We describe a patient with IgG4-related pachymeningitis in whom steroid use was contraindicated and methotrexate was ineffective. During the course of treatment, the patient presented to the emergency department with receptive and expressive aphasia, slurred speech, right-sided neglect, and loss of sensation. After a single infusion of rituximab and anticonvulsants, her symptoms resolved. Our unique case suggests that patients with IgG4-related pachymeningitis might benefit from early initiation of rituximab.

Treatment of IgG4-related pachymeningitis in a patient with steroid intolerance: The role of early use of rituximab.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a well-known cause of global brain ischemia. After CA and subsequent loss of consciousness, oxygen tension starts to decline and leads to a series of cellular changes that will lead to cellular death, if not reversed immediately, with brain edema as a result. The electroencephalographic activity starts to change as well. Although increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is not a direct result of cardiac arrest, it can still occur due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy induced changes in brain tissue, and is a measure of brain edema after CA and ischemic brain injury. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of brain edema after CA, some available techniques, and methods to monitor brain oxygen, electroencephalography (EEG), ICP (intracranial pressure), and microdialysis on its measurement of cerebral metabolism and its usefulness both in clinical practice and possible basic science research in development. With this review, we hope to gain knowledge of the more personalized information about patient status and specifics of their brain injury, and thus facilitating the physicians' decision making in terms of which treatments to pursue.

Article	Year
Treatment of IgG4-related pachymeningitis in a patient with steroid intolerance: The role of early use of rituximab. Journal of neuroimmunology\| PubMed ID: 27725123	2016
Pathophysiology and the Monitoring Methods for Cardiac Arrest Associated Brain Injury. International journal of molecular sciences\| PubMed ID: 28085069	2017

Vadim V. Gospodarev

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