a-high-throughput-assay-for-prediction-chemical-toxicity-automated

A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>

Applying toxicity testing of chemicals in higher order organisms, such as mice or rats, is time-consuming and expensive, due to their long lifespan and ...

La Trobe University, Australia

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types into the extracellular space. They contain cell-state specific cargos which often reflects the (patho)physiological condition of the cells/organism. Milk contains high amounts of exosomes and it is unclear whether their cargo is altered based on the lactation stage of the organism. Here, we isolated exosomes from bovine milk that were obtained at various stages of lactation and examined the content by quantitative proteomics. Exosomes were isolated by OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation from milk obtained from cow after 24, 48 and 72 h post calving. As control, exosomes were also isolated from cows during mid-lactation period which has been referred to as mature milk (MM). Biochemical and biophysical characterization of exosomes revealed the high abundance of exosomes in colostrum and MM samples. Quantitative proteomics analysis highlighted the change in the proteomic cargo of exosomes based on the lactation state of the cow. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that exosomes from colostrum are significantly enriched with proteins that can potentially regulate the immune response and growth. This study highlights the importance of exosomes in colostrum and hence opens up new avenues to exploit these vesicles in the regulation of the immune response and growth.

Bovine milk-derived exosomes from colostrum are enriched with proteins implicated in immune response and growth.

 are typically cultured in a monoxenic medium consisting of live bacteria. However, this introduces a secondary organism to experiments, and restricts the manipulation of the nutritional environment. Due to the intricate link between genes and environment, greater control and understanding of nutritional factors are required to push the  field into new areas. For decades, attempts to develop a chemically defined, axenic medium as an alternative for culturing  have been made. However, the mechanism by which the filter feeder  obtains nutrients from these liquid media is not known. Using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting based approach, we demonstrate growth in all past axenic  media to be dependent on the presence of previously unknown particles. This particle requirement of  led to development of liposome-based, nanoparticle culturing that allows full control of nutrients delivered to .

Article	Year
Bovine milk-derived exosomes from colostrum are enriched with proteins implicated in immune response and growth. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 28725021	2017
Growth of in Defined Media Is Dependent on Presence of Particulate Matter. G3 (Bethesda, Md.)\| PubMed ID: 29223977	2018

Markandeya Jois

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