high-throughput-siderophore-screening-from-environmental-samples

High-throughput Siderophore Screening from Environmental Samples: Plant Tissues, Bulk Soils, and Rhizosphere Soils

Siderophores (low-molecular weight metal chelating compounds) are important in various ecological phenomenon ranging from iron (Fe) biogeochemical cycling ...

Washington State University

Chlorine is the most widely used carcass sanitizer in poultry processing in the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of varying concentrations of organic matter on the susceptibility of twelve most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes (MPPSTs) to chlorine. To mimic the microenvironment of the water used for immersion chilling, we manipulated organic matter contamination levels in pre-chilled (pH∼6, T∼4 °C) chlorinated (50 ppm) water using varying concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) of chicken-meat-extract (CME) produced from frozen chicken carcasses. This CME-based in vitro model was challenged with ∼1 × 10 CFUs of each MPPST isolate and the bacterial survival was tested at 5, 30, 60 and 90 min post-challenge. In this model, the decimal reduction time (D-values) of each MPPST was linearly correlated with the concentration of CME. Significant inter-serotype differences in the D-values were observed. The results show that the pH, concentration of total- and free-chlorine were also linearly correlated with the presence of CME in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings of this study indicate that the serotype and the levels of organic matter contamination significantly influence Salmonella survival and that both variables should be included in models that predict effectiveness of chlorine treatment in immersion chilling.

Differences in antimicrobial activity of chlorine against twelve most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes.

Leaf chlorosis in vineyards is associated with reduced crop yields and quality. While iron (Fe) is understood to play a crucial role in chlorosis, total plant and soil Fe are not always indicative of chlorosis in grapevines. Physiology of chlorosis in vineyards has been well-studied, but the soil microbial consequences of and contributions to chlorosis have received little attention. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to examine the bacterial and fungal communities associated with grapevines demonstrating varying degrees of visual chlorosis symptoms. Additionally, chemical analyses of soils and grape leaves were used to explore the influence of plant nutritional status and soil chemistry on microbial community composition. Finally, factors influencing bacterial community composition were correlated with predicted bacterial community function. Leaf tissue magnesium (leaf Mg) concentrations and chlorosis rank were correlated with bacterial community composition as determined via dbRDA (distance-based Redundancy Analysis) using Bray-Curtis dissimilarities. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed a significant correlation between fungal community composition and soil Fe and pH, along with leaf N, Mg, and Ca (mg.kg). Chlorosis rank was moderately correlated with KEGG Orthology (KO) terms associated with nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism in soils, while leaf Mg was associated with a spectrum of KO terms including glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, glycan degradation, transporters, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Additionally, abundance of many bacterial operational taxonomic units was significantly correlated with leaf Mg, including those from the following orders: Rhodobacterales, Acidobacteriales, Opitutales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, Saprospirales, and Flavobacteriales. Our findings suggest grapevine chlorosis is interrelated with soil microbial community structure and function, plant nutrition, and soil chemistry.

Article	Year
Differences in antimicrobial activity of chlorine against twelve most prevalent poultry-associated Salmonella serotypes. Food microbiology\| PubMed ID: 28213027	2017
'Concord' grapevine nutritional status and chlorosis rank associated with fungal and bacterial root zone microbiomes. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB\| PubMed ID: 29957342	2018

Tarah S. Sullivan

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