microfocus-x-ray-ct-microct-imaging-actinia-equina-cnidaria-harmothoe

Microfocus X-ray CT (microCT) Imaging of Actinia equina (Cnidaria), Harmothoe sp. (Annelida), and Xenoturbella japonica (Xenacoelomorpha)

Traditionally, biologists have had to rely on destructive methods such as sectioning in order to investigate the internal structures of opaque organisms. ...

The University of Tokyo

the university of tokyo

Xenoturbella is a group of marine benthic animals lacking an anus and a centralized nervous system. Molecular phylogenetic analyses group the animal together with the Acoelomorpha, forming the Xenacoelomorpha. This group has been suggested to be either a sister group to the Nephrozoa or a deuterostome, and therefore it may provide important insights into origins of bilaterian traits such as an anus, the nephron, feeding larvae and centralized nervous systems. However, only five Xenoturbella species have been reported and the evolutionary history of xenoturbellids and Xenacoelomorpha remains obscure.

A new species of Xenoturbella from the western Pacific Ocean and the evolution of Xenoturbella.

Morphology-guided cell-based screening of the extract of a Mycale sp. marine sponge led to the isolation of two trisoxazole macrolides, miuramides A (1) and B (2), which induced characteristic morphological changes in 3Y1 cells. The structure of 1 including absolute configuration was elucidated by a combination of the analysis of spectroscopic data, derivatization, and degradation. Both compounds exhibit potent cytotoxicity against 3Y1 cells.

Miuramides A and B, Trisoxazole Macrolides from a Mycale sp. Marine Sponge That Induce a Protrusion Phenotype in Cultured Mammalian Cells.

After publication of Nakano et al. (2017) [1], the authors became aware of the fact that the new species-group name erected for the two specimens of a Japanese xenoturbellid species in the article is not available because Nakano et al. (2017) [1] does not meet the requirement of the amendment of Article 8.5.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (the Code) [2]. The authors therefore describe the two xenoturbellids as a new species again in this correction article. Methods for morphological observation, DNA extraction and sequencing were as described in Nakano et al. (2017) [1]. The holotype and paratype specimens are deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba (NSMT), Japan. The DNA sequences obtained were deposited in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database (INSD).

Correction to: A new species of Xenoturbella from the western Pacific Ocean and the evolution of Xenoturbella.

Two new steroidal saponins, scrobiculosides A and B, were isolated from the deep-sea sponge Pachastrella scrobiculosa, collected at a depth of 200 m off Miura Peninsula, Japan. The aglycones of scrobiculosides A and B feature a vinylic cyclopropane and a ∆ exomethylene on the side chains, respectively. Both saponins have a common sugar moiety composed of β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-6-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, with the exception of an acetyl group on C6″ in scrobiculoside A. Scrobiculoside A exhibited cytotoxicity against HL-60 and P388 cells, with IC values of 52 and 61 μM, respectively.

Article	Year
A new species of Xenoturbella from the western Pacific Ocean and the evolution of Xenoturbella. BMC evolutionary biology\| PubMed ID: 29249199	2017
Miuramides A and B, Trisoxazole Macrolides from a Mycale sp. Marine Sponge That Induce a Protrusion Phenotype in Cultured Mammalian Cells. Journal of natural products\| PubMed ID: 29613787	2018
Correction to: A new species of Xenoturbella from the western Pacific Ocean and the evolution of Xenoturbella. BMC evolutionary biology\| PubMed ID: 29879905	2018
Scrobiculosides A and B from the deep-sea sponge Pachastrella scrobiculosa. Journal of natural medicines\| PubMed ID: 31054009	2019

Hisanori Kohtsuka

Biography

JoVE Journal Publications

Other Publications