use-real-time-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-based

Use of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Neurofeedback to Downregulate Insular Cortex in Nicotine-Addicted Smokers

It has been more than a decade since the first functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based neurofeedback approach was successfully implemented. ...

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The purpose of this study was to assess the parallel artery and vein sign at color Doppler breast ultrasound as a predictor of the benign nature of breast masses.

Parallel artery and vein: sign of benign nature of breast masses.

Between 5% and 37% of patients are not suitable for transtemporal insonation with transcranial Doppler (TCD). This unsuitability is particularly frequent in elderly females and non-Caucasians. We aim to evaluate TCD efficiency in a mixed Hispanic population in Santiago, Chile and to determine whether factors associated with the presence of optimal windows depend exclusively on patient-related elements. Seven hundred forty-nine patients were evaluated with power mode TCD. Optimal temporal windows (TWs) included detection of the middle, anterior, posterior cerebral arteries and terminal carotid. The patient's age and sex, the location of the examination, the time of day, whether the test was conducted on weekends and whether mechanical ventilation was used were recorded. Percentages of optimal windows were calculated. Examinations were deemed ideal if both TWs were optimal. TWs were obtained in 82% of cases. In univariate analyses, male sex (P < 0.001), an age below 60 years (P < 0.0001) and mechanical ventilation (P= 0.04) correlated with ideal TWs. Using logistic regression where dependent variable was a non-ideal window only male sex odds ratio (OR) 2.3 (1.51-3.45) and age below 60 OR 13.8 (7.8-24.6) were statistically significant. Our findings indicate that Hispanic populations have detection rates for TWs similar to Europeans and are affected by patient-related elements.

Transcranial Doppler in a Hispanic-Mestizo population with neurological diseases: a study of sonographic window and its determinants.

Prevertebral calcific tendinitis results from calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposits in the longus colli muscles, which induce symptoms similar to some surgically-treated conditions, such as retropharyngeal abscesses. Imaging techniques are critical for accurate diagnosis.

Acute prevertebral calcific tendinitis: a source of non-surgical acute cervical pain.

Chondroid syringoma (CS) is an uncommon, benign epithelial skin mixed tumor. It is often located in the head and neck and is unusual in other parts of the body. It may be seen as a skin or soft tissue tumor. We present findings on high-resolution ultrasound and histology in a case of benign CS located on the right index finger. High-resolution ultrasound showed a solid hypoechoic, well-defined subcutaneous mass, adjacent to the tendon. Complete surgical excision was performed, and histopathology demonstrated an apocrine mixed tumor (CS). Although CS histological findings are well described, radiological features have been reported only in few cases and mainly in magnetic resonance. Chondroid syringoma should be suspected by high-resolution ultrasound as a differential diagnosis for a solid slow-growing soft tissue nodule in a finger, especially if the lesion has no contact with the underlying tendon. 

Finger chondroid syringoma as a hypoechoic subcutaneous nodule in ultrasound.

To measure skeletal muscle lipid infiltration, its association with insulin resistance (IR) lean mass and function, in Chilean men differing in age and body composition. Our hypothesis was that muscle lipid accumulation would be higher among older and heavier individuals and this would deteriorate insulin sensitivity (IS) and decrease muscle mass and function, both features of the ageing process.

Central obesity and not age increases skeletal muscle lipids, without influencing lean body mass and strength.

Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug used for treatment of infantile spasms. We present a female patient with infantile spasms in treatment with vigabatrin who developed ataxic movements. MRI demonstrated a symmetrical pattern of thalamic and globi pallidi diffusion restriction. While these image features have been widely described to be related to the use of vigabatrin, this case highlights the development of movement disorders in association with MRI signal changes. Awareness of the reversible nature of this condition is reassuring for the treating team and avoids unjustified studies. 

Vigabatrin-induced MRI changes associated with extrapyramidal symptoms in a child with infantile spasms.

The present study was aimed at retrospectively reviewing high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in order to evaluate the frequency of tomographic findings and their distribution in the lung parenchyma.

Can chest high-resolution computed tomography findings diagnose pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis?

Periorbital dermoid cysts occur mainly in children. Sonography is useful for the noninvasive, nonionizing evaluation of soft tissue lesions in infants and children without requiring sedation or anesthesia. We report the sonographic appearance of 25 periorbital dermoid cysts and identified that all are avascular oval lesions located below the aponeurotic plane. Nonaggressive bone remodeling was present in 52% of the cases. These finding in pediatric periorbital lesions are highly suspicious of a periorbital dermoid cyst.

Sonographic Diagnosis of Periorbital Dermoid Cyst.

To assess performance of TIRADS classification on a prospective surgical cohort, demonstrating its clinical usefulness.

Prospective validation of the ultrasound based TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Data System) classification: results in surgically resected thyroid nodules.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients diagnosed with metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC).

Metastatic pulmonary calcification: high-resolution computed tomography findings in 23 cases.

Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a frequent complication of biliary cholelithiasis. Although ultrasound is the first diagnostic imaging procedure, frequently the initial imaging modality is computed tomography (CT). Therefore, familiarization of CT findings in AC and potential related complications are extremely important. This pictorial essay reviews a broad spectrum of complications related to AC and its key findings in CT.

Computed tomography imaging of complications of acute cholecystitis.

Scholastic achievement (SA) is a multifactorial problem that depends on factors related to the child, the child's family, and the educational system. The aim of this study was to quantify the relative impact of significant variables at the beginning of high school during 2010 (first grade of high school [1 HSG]) on 2013 university selection test (Prueba de Seleccion Universitaria [PSU]) outcomes, both in language scholastic achievement (LSA) and mathematics scholastic achievement (MSA), when students graduated from high school (4 HSG). This was done at the time of university admission with a multicausal approach. The purpose was to confirm the hypothesis that the level of educational establishment SA, intellectual ability, sex, parental schooling levels, and head circumference for age Z-score at the onset of high school are the most relevant parameters associated with 2013 PSU outcomes, both in LSA and MSA.

Impact of anthropometric nutritional parameters on the university selection test in Chile: A multifactorial approach.

The aim of this study was to quantitate the relative impact of DHA and AA levels in erythrocytes, anthropometric parameters and socio-economic status of school-age children, of both genders, graduated from high school in Chile, on the scholastic achievement in the University Selection Test (Prueba de Selección Universitaria, PSU) both language scholastic achievement (LSA) and mathematics scholastic achievement (MSA). A representative sample of 671 school-age young graduated from high school in 2013, 550 and 548 of them took the PSU for LSA and MSA, respectively. Only school-age young with high (n = 91) and low (n = 69) SA in both tests were considered. A total of 122 school-age children agreed to participate in the study and were divided as follows: Group 1: high PSU outcome (n = 70; males n = 48) and Group 2: low PSU outcome (n = 52; males n = 23). Data were analyzed by means of SAS software. Independently of gender, DHA, socio-economic status and head circumference-for-age Z-score were the most relevant parameters explaining both LSA (R= 0.650; p < 0.0001) and MSA outcomes (R= 0.700; p < 0.0001). These results can be useful for nutrition, health and education planning, in order to protect children starting from an early age and thus increase their school outcomes.

Docosahexaenoic acid levels in erythrocytes and their association with the University Selection Test Outcomes in Chile.

Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function.

To evaluate the efficacy of multiparametric magnetic resonance/transrectal ultrasound fusion (MRI/TRUS fusion) biopsy versus systematic biopsy and its association with PI-RADS v2 categories in patients with suspected prostate cancer.

Article	Year
Parallel artery and vein: sign of benign nature of breast masses. AJR. American journal of roentgenology\| PubMed ID: 22194519	2012
Transcranial Doppler in a Hispanic-Mestizo population with neurological diseases: a study of sonographic window and its determinants. Brain and behavior\| PubMed ID: 22741096	2012
Acute prevertebral calcific tendinitis: a source of non-surgical acute cervical pain. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)\| PubMed ID: 23864065	2014
Finger chondroid syringoma as a hypoechoic subcutaneous nodule in ultrasound. Ultrasound quarterly\| PubMed ID: 23945489	2013
Central obesity and not age increases skeletal muscle lipids, without influencing lean body mass and strength. Nutricion hospitalaria\| PubMed ID: 25726204	2014
Vigabatrin-induced MRI changes associated with extrapyramidal symptoms in a child with infantile spasms. The neuroradiology journal\| PubMed ID: 26306928	2015
Can chest high-resolution computed tomography findings diagnose pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis? Radiologia brasileira\| PubMed ID: 26379317	2015
Sonographic Diagnosis of Periorbital Dermoid Cyst. Ultrasound quarterly\| PubMed ID: 26953977	2017
Prospective validation of the ultrasound based TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Data System) classification: results in surgically resected thyroid nodules. European radiology\| PubMed ID: 27718080	2017
Metastatic pulmonary calcification: high-resolution computed tomography findings in 23 cases. Radiologia brasileira\| PubMed ID: 28894330	2017
Computed tomography imaging of complications of acute cholecystitis. The Indian journal of radiology & imaging\| PubMed ID: 30050243	2018
Impact of anthropometric nutritional parameters on the university selection test in Chile: A multifactorial approach. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)\| PubMed ID: 30153583	2019
Docosahexaenoic acid levels in erythrocytes and their association with the University Selection Test Outcomes in Chile. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids\| PubMed ID: 30471770	2018
Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function. Annals of internal medicine\| PubMed ID: 30641566	2019
MRI/TRUS fusion vs. systematic biopsy: intra-patient comparison of diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer using PI-RADS v2. Abdominal radiology (New York)\| PubMed ID: 32249349	2020

Claudio Silva

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