operative-technique-nuances-for-stereoelectroencephalographic-seeg

Operative Technique and Nuances for the Stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) Methodology Utilizing a Robotic Stereotactic Guidance System

The SEEG methodology has gained favor in North America over the last decade as a means of localizing the epileptogenic zone (EZ) prior to epilepsy ...

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Immunoglobulin-G4-related hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disease that can present as a tumefactive pituitary lesion mimicking hypophyseal neoplasms such as pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma. The literature on this entity is sparse, with fewer than 100 cases reported across 19 publications; a recent review found only 24 cases published from 2007 to 2018. Previous reports have described demographic differences, with immunoglobulin-G4-related hypophysitis in females tending to present in the second and third decades in association with other autoimmune disease, while males tend to present in the fifth and sixth decades of life without an autoimmune history.

Immunoglobulin G4 hypophysitis in a 63-year-old woman with no autoimmune history: a case report.

  Previous work categorized skull base chordoma (SBC) into three genetic risk groups based on 1p36 and homozygous 9p21(p16) deletions, accounting for a wide variability in prognosis (A = low-risk, B = intermediate-risk, C = high-risk). However, it remains unclear how these groups could guide management.   By integrating surgical outcome and adjuvant radiation (AdjXRT) information with genetic data on 152 tumors, we sought to develop an evidence-based management algorithm for SBC.   Gross total resections (GTRs) were associated with improved progression free survival (PFS) in all genetic groups. For Group C tumors, GTR and AdjXRT independently contributed to PFS (multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio [HR] = 0.14,   = 0.002, and HR = 0.40,   = 0.047, respectively). For Group B tumors, AdjXRT improved outcomes only when GTR was not feasible (log-rank   = 0.008), but not following GTR (log-rank   = 0.54). However, 24 of 25 Group A tumors underwent GTR, and AdjXRT for these did not confer any benefit (log-Rank   = 0.285). The high GTR rates in Group A could be explained by smaller tumor sizes (mean = 0.98cc/4.08cc/4.92cc for Group A/B/C, respectively,   = 0.031) and lack of invasiveness. Group A tumors were also more frequently diagnosed in young people (   = 0.002) as asymptomatic lesions (   = 0.001), suggesting that they could be precursors to tumors in higher risk groups.   Genotypic grouping by 1p36 and homozygous 9p21(p16) deletions can predict prognosis in SBC and guide management. GTR remains the cornerstone of SBC treatment and can be sufficient without AdjXRT in low and intermediate risk tumors. Low-risk tumors are associated with a less invasive phenotype, which makes them more amenable to GTR.

An Integrated Management Paradigm for Skull Base Chordoma Based on Clinical and Molecular Characteristics.

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignant disease and treatment protocols have not been standardized, varying widely by disease course and institutional practices. Management typically includes wide local excision through open or endoscopic resection, followed by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. Tumor control can differ on a case-by-case basis. Herein, the complex management of a rare case of recurrent disease with multiple dural metastases is presented.

Esthesioneuroblastoma with recurrent dural metastases: Long-term multimodality treatment and considerations.

To compare the efficacy, outcomes, and complications of single session (SS-SRS) and multisession (MS-SRS) stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of intracranial meningiomas.

Single session versus multisession stereotactic radiosurgery for the management of intracranial meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Technological advances have significantly fostered the use of robotics in neurosurgery. Due to their novelty, there is a need to develop training methods within neurosurgical residency programs that provide trainees the skills to utilize these systems in their future practices safely and effectively.

Targeting the Future: Developing a Training Curriculum for Robotic Assisted Neurosurgery.

The literature includes many studies examining the genetic abnormalities that influence pituitary adenomas (PAs). We aimed to state the collective knowledge on the genetic underpinnings of PAs by organizing, summarizing, and consolidating the literature to serve as a comprehensive review for scientists and clinicians of the most up-to-date information underlying the genetic landscape of PAs.

Major Genetic Motifs in Pituitary Adenomas: A Practical Literature Update.

This study evaluates the role and outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in the management of pituitary metastases.

The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the multidisciplinary management of pituitary metastases.

Intraoperative distinction of pituitary adenoma from normal gland is critical in maximizing tumor resection without compromising pituitary function. Contact endoscopy provides a noninvasive technique that allows for real-time in vivo visualization of differences in tissue vascularity. Two illustrative cases of endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) for resection of pituitary adenoma illustrate the use of contact endoscopy in identifying tumor from gland and differentiating a thin section of normal gland draped over the underlying tumor, thereby allowing for safe extracapsular tumor resection. Contact endoscopy may be used as an adjunct for intraoperative, in vivo differentiation of pituitary gland and adenoma. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.10.FOCVID21199.

Contact endoscopy as a novel technique for intra-operative identification of normal pituitary gland and adenoma.

The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the survival of patients with biopsy-proven skull base chordoma who had undergone stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with versus without prior fractionated radiation therapy (RT).

Adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery with or without postoperative fractionated radiation therapy in adults with skull base chordomas: a systematic review.

There is considerable controversy as to which of the 2 operating modalities (microsurgical or endoscopic transnasal surgery) currently used to resect pituitary adenomas (PAs) is the safest and most effective intervention.

A Multicenter, Propensity Score-Matched Assessment of Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Approaches in the Management of Pituitary Adenomas.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a key enzyme in normal metabolism and homeostasis. However, mutant forms of IDH are also defining features of a subset of diffuse gliomas. In this review, we highlight current techniques targeting IDH-mutated gliomas and summarize current and completed clinical trials exploring these strategies. We discuss clinical data from peptide vaccines, mutant IDH (mIDH) inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors. Peptide vaccines have the unique advantage of targeting the specific epitope of a patient's tumor, inducing a highly tumor-specific CD4+ T-cell response. mIDH-inhibitors, on the other hand, specifically target mutant IDH proteins in cancer cell metabolism and thus help halt gliomagenesis. We also explore PARP inhibitors and their role in treating diffuse gliomas, which exploit IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas by allowing the persistence of unrepaired DNA complexes. We summarize various completed and current trials targeting IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in diffuse gliomas. Therapies targeting mutant IDH have significant promise in treating progressive or recurrent IDH-mutant gliomas and may significantly change treatment paradigms in the next decade.

Article	Year
Immunoglobulin G4 hypophysitis in a 63-year-old woman with no autoimmune history: a case report. Journal of medical case reports\| PubMed ID: 34481512	2021
An Integrated Management Paradigm for Skull Base Chordoma Based on Clinical and Molecular Characteristics. Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base\| PubMed ID: 34745826	2021
Esthesioneuroblastoma with recurrent dural metastases: Long-term multimodality treatment and considerations. Surgical neurology international\| PubMed ID: 34992923	2021
Single session versus multisession stereotactic radiosurgery for the management of intracranial meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of neuro-oncology\| PubMed ID: 35976546	2023
Targeting the Future: Developing a Training Curriculum for Robotic Assisted Neurosurgery. World neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 36030012	2022
Major Genetic Motifs in Pituitary Adenomas: A Practical Literature Update. World neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 36115566	2023
The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the multidisciplinary management of pituitary metastases. Pituitary\| PubMed ID: 36203008	2022
Contact endoscopy as a novel technique for intra-operative identification of normal pituitary gland and adenoma. Neurosurgical focus: Video\| PubMed ID: 36284593	2022
Adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery with or without postoperative fractionated radiation therapy in adults with skull base chordomas: a systematic review. Neurosurgical focus\| PubMed ID: 36321281	2022
A Multicenter, Propensity Score-Matched Assessment of Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Approaches in the Management of Pituitary Adenomas. Neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 37057921	2023
Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in gliomas: A review of current understanding and trials. Neuro-oncology advances\| PubMed ID: 37287696	2023

Zachary C. Gersey

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