an-vitro-batch-culture-model-to-estimate-effects-interventional

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

The emerging role of the gut microbiome in several human diseases demands a breakthrough of new tools, techniques and technologies. Such improvements are ...

Wake Forest School of Medicine

The development of human gut microbiota begins as soon as the neonate leaves the protective environment of the uterus (or maybe ) and is exposed to innumerable microorganisms from the mother as well as the surrounding environment. Concurrently, the host responses to these microbes during early life manifest during the development of an otherwise hitherto immature immune system. The human gut microbiome, which comprises an extremely diverse and complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract, keeps on fluctuating during different stages of life. While these deviations are largely natural, inevitable and benign, recent studies show that unsolicited perturbations in gut microbiota configuration could have strong impact on several features of host health and disease. Our microbiota undergoes the most prominent deviations during infancy and old age and, interestingly, our immune health is also in its weakest and most unstable state during these two critical stages of life, indicating that our microbiota and health develop and age hand-in-hand. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions are only now beginning to be revealed. The present review summarizes the evidences related to the age-associated changes in intestinal microbiota and vice-versa, mechanisms involved in this bi-directional relationship, and the prospective for development of microbiota-based interventions such as probiotics for healthy aging.

Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights.

The prevalence of metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and cancer has evolved into a global epidemic over the last century. The rate of these disorders is continuously rising due to the lack of effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. This warrants for the development of novel strategies that could help in the prevention, treatment and/ or better management of such disorders. Although the complex pathophysiology of these metabolic diseases is one of the major hurdles in the development of preventive and/or therapeutic strategies, there are some factors that are or can speculated to be more effective to target than others. Recently, gut microbiome has emerged as one of the major contributing factors in metabolic diseases, and developing positive modulators of gut microbiota is being considered to be of significant interest. Natural non-digestible polysaccharides from plants and food sources are considered potent modulators of gut microbiome that can feed certain beneficial microbes in the gut. This has led to an increased interest in the isolation of novel bioactive polysaccharides from different plants and food sources and their application as functional components to modulate the gut microbiome composition to improve host's health including metabolism. Therefore, polysaccharides, as prebiotics components, are being speculated to confer positive effects in managing metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes. In this review article, we summarize some of the most common polysaccharides from plants and food that impact metabolic health and discuss why and how these could be helpful in preventing or ameliorating metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Article	Year
Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights. Nutrition and healthy aging\| PubMed ID: 29951588	2018
Dietary Polysaccharides in the Amelioration of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Metabolic Diseases. Obesity & control therapies : open access\| PubMed ID: 30474051	2017

Rabina Mainali

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