event-related-potentials-erps-other-eeg-based-methods-for-extracting

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Neuropsychiatric diagnoses like ADHD are based on subjective methods like interviews, rating scales and observations. There is a need for more brain-based ...

Østfold Hospital Trust

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

University of Gothenburg

The purpose of the present study was to determine if the theta/beta ratio, and theta and beta separately, correlate with behavioral parameters, and if these measures discriminate between children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal gender- and age-matched controls. Participants comprised 62 patients and 39 controls. A continuous performance test (CPT), a GO/NOGO test and two rating scales were used to measure behavior in the patient group. EEG spectra were analyzed in eyes-closed and eyes-opened conditions, and in a GO/NOGO task in both groups. Neither the theta/beta ratio at CZ, nor theta and beta separately, discriminated significantly between patients and controls. When each person was compared with the database, significant elevations of theta were found in 25.8% of the patients and in only one control subject (2.6%). In the ADHD group, theta at CZ was positively correlated with inattention and executive problems and negatively correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity. Beta correlated with good attention level in the control group, but with ADHD symptoms in the patients. Omission errors in the GO/NOGO test discriminated between patients and controls with an accuracy of 85%. For theta at CZ, the accuracy was 62%. Significantly elevated theta characterized a subgroup of ADHD patients, and correlated with inattention and executive problems.

The quantitative EEG theta/beta ratio in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and normal controls: sensitivity, specificity, and behavioral correlates.

The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effects of 30 sessions of neurofeedback (NF) with stimulant medication on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients.

Effects of neurofeedback versus stimulant medication in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized pilot study.

The aim of this study was to search for predictors of acute side effects of stimulant medication in pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emphasizing variables from quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), event-related potentials (ERPs), and behavior data from a visual continuous-performance test (VCPT).

Predicting acute side effects of stimulant medication in pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: data from quantitative electroencephalography, event-related potentials, and a continuous-performance test.

We searched for predictors of the clinical outcome of stimulant medication in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emphasizing variables from quantitative electroencephalography, event-related potentials (ERPs), and behavioral data from a visual go/no-go test.

Predicting the clinical outcome of stimulant medication in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: data from quantitative electroencephalography, event-related potentials, and a go/no-go test.

Approximately 30% of children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treated with stimulants are considered non-responders (non-REs). Reliable predictors of response are missing. We examined changes in Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) induced by a single dose of stimulant medication in order to predict later clinical response.

Single-dose effects on the P3no-go ERP component predict clinical response to stimulants in pediatric ADHD.

Executive functions are often affected in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The underlying biology is however not well known. In the DSM-5, ASD is characterized by difficulties in two domains: Social Interaction and Repetitive and Restricted Behavior, RRB. Insistence of Sameness is part of RRB and has been reported related to executive functions. We aimed to identify differences between ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents in Event Related Potentials (ERPs) associated with response preparation, conflict monitoring and response inhibition using a cued Go-NoGo paradigm. We also studied the effect of age and emotional content of paradigm related to these ERPs. We investigated 49 individuals with ASD and 49 TD aged 12-21 years, split into two groups below (young) and above (old) 16 years of age. ASD characteristics were quantified by the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and executive functions were assessed with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), both parent-rated. Behavioral performance and ERPs were recorded during a cued visual Go-NoGo task which included neutral pictures (VCPT) and pictures of emotional faces (ECPT). The amplitudes of ERPs associated with response preparation, conflict monitoring, and response inhibition were analyzed. The ASD group showed markedly higher scores than TD in both SCQ and BRIEF. Behavioral data showed no case-control differences in either the VCPT or ECPT in the whole group. While there were no significant case-control differences in ERPs from the combined VCPT and ECPT in the whole sample, the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) was significantly enhanced in the old ASD group ( = 0.017). When excluding ASD with comorbid ADHD we found a significantly increased N2 NoGo ( = 0.016) and N2-effect ( = 0.023) for the whole group. We found no case-control differences in the P3-components. Our findings suggest increased response preparation in adolescents with ASD older than 16 years and enhanced conflict monitoring in ASD without comorbid ADHD during a Go-NoGo task. The current findings may be related to Insistence of Sameness in ASD. The pathophysiological underpinnings of executive dysfunction should be further investigated to learn more about how this phenomenon is related to core characteristics of ASD.

Event-Related Potentials in a Cued Go-NoGo Task Associated with Executive Functions in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder; A Case-Control Study.

Methylphenidate (MPH) has been shown to modulate the amplitude of the no-go P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP; Øgrim, Aasen, & Brunner, 2016). Using group independent component analysis, the no-go P3 from a cued go/no-go task has been separated into two sub-components (Brunner et al., 2013). This study investigated whether sub-components of the no-go P3 could be identified in children with ADHD, and how MPH modulates their amplitudes. ERPs were registered twice (on/off MPH) in 57 children with ADHD classified as medication responders in a four-week medication trial. Two no-go P3 sub-components were identified. In the MPH session, the amplitude of one sub-component, the IC P3no-go (mean latency 378 ms, with a central distribution), was significantly larger than at baseline, whereas the other sub-component, the IC P3no-go (mean latency 428 ms, with a centro-frontal distribution), was not significantly affected. These results add to the literature documenting that the no-go P3 consists of two overlapping phenomena with different functional correlates.

Methylphenidate selectively modulates one sub-component of the no-go P3 in pediatric ADHD medication responders.

The study aim was to develop 2 scales: predicting clinical gains and risk of acute side effects of stimulant medication in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combining measures from EEG spectra, event-related potentials (ERPs), and a cued visual GO/NOGO task.

Predicting Clinical Gains and Side Effects of Stimulant Medication in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder by Combining Measures From qEEG and ERPs in a Cued GO/NOGO Task.

Rating scales and neuropsychological tests including continuous performance tests (CPTs) are widely used to assess executive functions (EFs). Event-related potentials (ERPs) are also used to index certain EFs such as action preparation and inhibition. In this descriptive study, we examined the associations between results on an EF rating scale, a CPT and ERP components in ADHD as a function of age.

Article	Year
The quantitative EEG theta/beta ratio in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and normal controls: sensitivity, specificity, and behavioral correlates. Psychiatry research\| PubMed ID: 22425468	2012
Effects of neurofeedback versus stimulant medication in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized pilot study. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology\| PubMed ID: 23808786	2013
Predicting acute side effects of stimulant medication in pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: data from quantitative electroencephalography, event-related potentials, and a co... Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment\| PubMed ID: 24043939	2013
Predicting the clinical outcome of stimulant medication in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: data from quantitative electroencephalography, event-related potentials, and a ... Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment\| PubMed ID: 24523588	2014
Single-dose effects on the P3no-go ERP component predict clinical response to stimulants in pediatric ADHD. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology\| PubMed ID: 27567447	2016
Event-Related Potentials in a Cued Go-NoGo Task Associated with Executive Functions in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder; A Case-Control Study. Frontiers in neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 28744191	2017
Methylphenidate selectively modulates one sub-component of the no-go P3 in pediatric ADHD medication responders. Biological psychology\| PubMed ID: 29476840	2018
Predicting Clinical Gains and Side Effects of Stimulant Medication in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder by Combining Measures From qEEG and ERPs in a Cued GO/NOGO Task. Clinical EEG and neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 29940782	2019
Indexing Executive Functions with Test Scores, Parent Ratings and ERPs: How Do the Measures Relate in Children versus Adolescents with ADHD? Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment\| PubMed ID: 32110021	2020

Geir Ogrim

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