cooling-or-warming-esophagus-to-reduce-esophageal-injury-during-left

Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

Ablation of the left atrium using either radiofrequency (RF) or cryothermal energy is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) and is the most ...

University of London

Protamine sulfate is commonly used to reverse the action of heparin after catheter ablation procedures. Serious protamine-related adverse effect is rare, but its recognition and appropriate management by electrophysiologists and intensivists is important. Direct ventricular fibrillation (VF) soon after a slow infusion of protamine has not been clearly described.

Cardiac arrest following protamine administration: a case series.

Satisfactory left ventricular (LV) lead placement into the coronary sinus (CS) can be achieved in the majority of patients but there are still instances of acute failure most often due to anatomical differences, for example due to tortuous CS anatomy. Chronic LV lead misplacement and its delayed discovery is not a common scenario. It is unclear if chronic dual right ventricular pacing can hasten the progression of heart failure.

Left ventricular lead misplacement discovered a decade after cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator implantation: a case report.

Peri-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is important in monitoring and minimizing major complications during pacing lead extraction. It is a widely accepted precautionary measure, especially in extractions considered to be higher risk. Pacing lead extraction may be challenging, and it is associated with significant risk of major bleeding from vascular trauma.

Article	Year
Cardiac arrest following protamine administration: a case series. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology\| PubMed ID: 30649275	2019
Left ventricular lead misplacement discovered a decade after cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator implantation: a case report. European heart journal. Case reports\| PubMed ID: 31020148	2018
Oesophageal perforation: an unexpected complication during extraction of a pacing lead. A case report. European heart journal. Case reports\| PubMed ID: 31020253	2019
High resolution map of aortic root tachycardia. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology\| PubMed ID: 31079158	2019
Aware of the evils of life-saving antidote of heparin: clues from 12-lead electrocardiogram during protamine-mediated adverse events-Authors' reply. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology\| PubMed ID: 31157385	2019

Lisa W. M. Leung

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