translating-ribosome-affinity-purification-trap-to-investigate

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) to Investigate <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> Root Development at a Cell Type-Specific Scale

In this article, we give hands-on instructions to obtain translatome data from different Arabidopsis thaliana root cell types via the translating ribosome ...

University of Zurich

Lateral roots are determinants of plant root system architecture. Besides providing anchorage, they are a plant's means to explore the soil environment for water and nutrients. Lateral roots form post-embryonically and initiate deep within the root. On its way to the surface, the newly formed organ needs to grow through three overlying cell layers; the endodermis, cortex and epidermis. A picture is emerging that a tight integration of chemical and mechanical signalling between the lateral root and the surrounding tissue is essential for proper organogenesis. Here we review the latest progress made towards our understanding of the fascinating biology underlying lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis.

Breakout-lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Roots provide a means to plants for gathering belowground resources. They are plastic and can adapt to ever-changing environmental cues. The plasticity of the roots comes from their ability to branch out by developing lateral and/or adventitious roots. In this chapter, we make an attempt to document the diversity in plant root systems and understand their role in evolutionary adaptation. After a brief introduction to different root systems, such as homorhizic and allorhizic ones, the relationship of plant roots with their surroundings, i.e., the rhizosphere and its effect on adaptation, will be discussed. Despite the difficulty to conclusively construct a timeline of evolution of plant root systems, documented facts from previous publications are examined and an effort has been made to delve into how rooting structures in plants adapted to prevailing conditions by bringing about endogenous changes vis-à-vis evolutionary development and exogenous changes to their surroundings.

The role of plant root systems in evolutionary adaptation.

How plant cells re-establish differential growth to initiate organs is poorly understood. Morphogenesis of lateral roots relies on the asymmetric cell division of initially symmetric founder cells. This division is preceded by the tightly controlled asymmetric radial expansion of these cells. The cellular mechanisms that license and ensure the coordination of these events are unknown. Here, we quantitatively analyze microtubule and F-actin dynamics during lateral root initiation. Using mutants and pharmacological and tissue-specific genetic perturbations, we show that dynamic reorganization of both microtubule and F-actin networks is necessary for the asymmetric expansion of the founder cells. This cytoskeleton remodeling intertwines with auxin signaling in the pericycle and endodermis in order for founder cells to acquire a basic polarity required for initiating lateral root development. Our results reveal the conservation of cell remodeling and polarization strategies between the Arabidopsis zygote and lateral root founder cells. We propose that coordinated, auxin-driven reorganization of the cytoskeleton licenses asymmetric cell growth and divisions during embryonic and post-embryonic organogenesis.

Article	Year
Breakout-lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Current opinion in plant biology\| PubMed ID: 28968512	2018
The role of plant root systems in evolutionary adaptation. Current topics in developmental biology\| PubMed ID: 30612630	2019
Cytoskeleton Dynamics Are Necessary for Early Events of Lateral Root Initiation in Arabidopsis. Current biology : CB\| PubMed ID: 31327713	2019

Martha Thellmann

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