non-radioactive-in-vitro-cardiac-myosin-light-chain-kinase-assays

Non-Radioactive In Vitro Cardiac Myosin Light Chain Kinase Assays

Cardiac-specific myosin regulatory light chain kinase (cMLCK) regulates cardiac sarcomere structure and contractility by phosphorylating the ventricular ...

Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences

Recent advances in genome analysis have enabled the identification of numerous distal enhancers that regulate gene expression in various conditions. However, the enhancers involved in pathological conditions are largely unknown because of the lack of in vivo quantitative assessment of enhancer activity in live animals. Here, we established a noninvasive and quantitative live imaging system for monitoring transcriptional activity and identified a novel stress-responsive enhancer of Nppa and Nppb, the most common markers of heart failure. The enhancer is a 650-bp fragment within 50 kb of the Nppa and Nppb loci. A chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay revealed that this distal enhancer directly interacts with the 5'-flanking regions of Nppa and Nppb. To monitor the enhancer activity in a live heart, we established an imaging system using the firefly luciferase reporter. Using this imaging system, we observed that the novel enhancer activated the reporter gene in pressure overload-induced failing hearts (failing hearts: 5.7±1.3-fold; sham-surgery hearts: 1.0±0.2-fold; P<0.001, repeated-measures ANOVA). This method will be particularly useful for identifying enhancers that function only during pathological conditions.

Noninvasive and quantitative live imaging reveals a potential stress-responsive enhancer in the failing heart.

Comprehensive metagenomic approach for detecting causative microorganisms in culture-negative infective endocarditis.

Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the only enzyme that uses oxygen to produce a proton gradient for ATP production during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Although CcO activity increases in response to hypoxia, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive. By screening for hypoxia-inducible genes in cardiomyocytes, we identified hypoxia inducible domain family, member 1A (Higd1a) as a positive regulator of CcO. Recombinant Higd1a directly integrated into highly purified CcO and increased its activity. Resonance Raman analysis revealed that Higd1a caused structural changes around heme a, the active center that drives the proton pump. Using a mitochondria-targeted ATP biosensor, we showed that knockdown of endogenous Higd1a reduced oxygen consumption and subsequent mitochondrial ATP synthesis, leading to increased cell death in response to hypoxia; all of these phenotypes were rescued by exogenous Higd1a. These results suggest that Higd1a is a previously unidentified regulatory component of CcO, and represents a therapeutic target for diseases associated with reduced CcO activity. 

Article	Year
Noninvasive and quantitative live imaging reveals a potential stress-responsive enhancer in the failing heart. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology\| PubMed ID: 24391132	2014
Comprehensive metagenomic approach for detecting causative microorganisms in culture-negative infective endocarditis. International journal of cardiology\| PubMed ID: 24485222	2014
Higd1a is a positive regulator of cytochrome c oxidase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\| PubMed ID: 25605899	2015
How to Eliminate Uncertainty in Clinical Medicine - Clues from Creation of Mathematical Models Followed by Scientific Data Mining. EBioMedicine\| PubMed ID: 30005950	2018

Yoshihiro Asano

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