identification-characterization-immunogenic-rna-species-hdm-allergens

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Environmental allergens such as house dust mites (HDM) are often in complex forms containing both allergic proteins that drive aberrant type 2 responses ...

University of Texas Health San Antonio

The innate immune sensing of allergens or allergen-associated components regulate the development of type 2 inflammatory responses. However, the underlying molecular basis by which allergens or allergen-associated components are detected by innate immune receptors remains elusive. In this study, we report that the most common aeroallergen, house dust mite (HDM), harbors a dsRNA species (HDM-dsRNA) that can activate TLR3-mediated IFN responses and counteract the development of an uncontrolled type 2 immune response. We demonstrate that the mouse strains defective in the dsRNA-sensing pathways show aggravated type 2 inflammation defined by severe eosinophilia, elevated level of type 2 cytokines, and mucus overproduction in a model of allergic lung inflammation. The inability to sense HDM-dsRNA resulted in significant increases in airway hyperreactivity. We further show that the administration of the purified HDM-dsRNA at a low dose is sufficient to induce an immune response to prevent the onset of a severe type 2 lung inflammation. Collectively, these results unveil a new role for the HDM-dsRNA/TLR3-signaling axis in the modulation of a type 2 lung inflammation in mice.

Xiao-Dong Li

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