how-to-administer-near-infrared-spectroscopy-critically-ill-neonates

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calculates regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) using the different absorption spectra of oxygenated and deoxygenated ...

University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen

Newborns with inborn errors of metabolism often present with hyperammonaemic coma, requiring prompt diagnosis and specific medical therapy, nutritional support and efficient toxin removal. Little information regarding the efficacy and safety of continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD) as an option for extracorporal ammonia detoxification in children is available.

Continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD) and continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) in the acute management of 21 children with inborn errors of metabolism.

There is only sparse data on the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure (ARF) in infants and children. For this setting we investigated feasibility and efficacy of NIV and aimed to identify early predictors for treatment failure.

Non-invasive ventilation on a pediatric intensive care unit: feasibility, efficacy, and predictors of success.

In the developed countries septic shock has a favorable outcome for the majority of previously healthy children but also in children with comorbidities if all available medical resources were used. However, septic shock remains a rare disease in children, and caregivers might not always recognize it at early stages. The resulting delay of appropriate treatment prevents lower mortality rates. The current review gives an overview of the pathophysiology of septic shock and the early clinical signs as well as new and future diagnostic approaches such as "point-of-care" laboratory tests for an early diagnosis. 

Early recognition of septic shock in children.

Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium that causes food poisoning presenting with either emesis or diarrhea. Diarrhea is caused by proteinaceous enterotoxin complexes, mainly hemolysin BL, non-hemolytic enterotoxin (NHE), and cytotoxin K. In contrast, emesis is caused by the ingestion of the depsipeptide toxin cereulide, which is produced in B. cereus contaminated food, particularly in pasta or rice. In general, the illness is mild and self-limiting. However, due to cereulide intoxication, nine severe cases with rhabdomyolysis and/or liver failure, five of them lethal, are reported in literature. Here we report the first case of life-threatening liver failure and severe rhabdomyolysis in this context that could not be survived without emergency hepatectomy and consecutive liver transplantation.

Lifesaving liver transplantation for multi-organ failure caused by Bacillus cereus food poisoning.

Antimicrobially pre-treated children with systemic inflammation often pose a diagnostic challenge to the physician. We aimed to evaluate the additional use of SeptiFast multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify causative pathogens in children with suspected systemic bacterial or fungal infection.

Prospective evaluation of SeptiFast Multiplex PCR in children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome under antibiotic treatment.

Procalcitonin is widely used as a biomarker to distinguish bacterial infections from other etiologies of systemic inflammation. Little is known about its value in acute liver injury resulting from intoxication with paracetamol.

Undue Elevation of Procalcitonin in Pediatric Paracetamol Intoxication is Not Explained by Liver Cell Injury Alone.

In general anesthesia, cartoon watching and playing video games reduce anxiety in children. It is unknown whether watching a video in the intervention room has a similar effect, and therefore is able to reduce sedative doses in children undergoing small medical procedures. Aim of this prospective study was to determine the effect of watching a standardized cartoon immediately before and during sleep induction for deep sedation on consumption of propofol in children.

Article	Year
Continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD) and continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) in the acute management of 21 children with inborn errors of metabolism. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association\| PubMed ID: 19934086	2010
Non-invasive ventilation on a pediatric intensive care unit: feasibility, efficacy, and predictors of success. Pediatric pulmonology\| PubMed ID: 21618715	2011
Early recognition of septic shock in children. Klinische Padiatrie\| PubMed ID: 23873258	2013
Lifesaving liver transplantation for multi-organ failure caused by Bacillus cereus food poisoning. Pediatric transplantation\| PubMed ID: 25323120	2015
Prospective evaluation of SeptiFast Multiplex PCR in children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome under antibiotic treatment. BMC infectious diseases\| PubMed ID: 27503068	2016
Undue Elevation of Procalcitonin in Pediatric Paracetamol Intoxication is Not Explained by Liver Cell Injury Alone. Annals of hepatology\| PubMed ID: 29893707	2018
Visual Distraction During Sleep Induction with Propofol in Pediatric Patients - Can Cartoon Watching Influence the Sedative Dose? Klinische Padiatrie\| PubMed ID: 30231262	2019

Christian Dohna-Schwake

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