virtual-hand-with-ambiguous-movement-between-self-other-origin-sense

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

The feeling that a body part is one&#8217;s own body (sense of ownership; SoO) and the feeling based on the causal relationship between one&#8217;s will ...

Nagaoka University of Technology

Stress is a risk factor for the onset of mental disorders. Although stress response varies across individuals, the mechanism of individual differences remains unclear. Here, we investigated the neural basis of individual differences in response to mental stress using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Twenty healthy male volunteers completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The experiment included two types of tasks: a non-stress-inducing task and a stress-inducing task. During these tasks, participants passively viewed non-stress-inducing images and stress-inducing images, respectively, and MEG was recorded. Before and after each task, MEG and electrocardiography were recorded and subjective ratings were obtained. We grouped participants according to Novelty seeking (NS) - tendency to be exploratory, and Harm avoidance (HA) - tendency to be cautious. Participants with high NS and low HA (n = 10) assessed by TCI had a different neural response to stress than those with low NS and high HA (n = 10). Event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the beta frequency band was observed only in participants with high NS and low HA in the brain region extending from Brodmann's area 31 (including the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus) from 200 to 350 ms after the onset of picture presentation in the stress-inducing task. Individual variation in personality traits (NS and HA) was associated with the neural response to mental stress. These findings increase our understanding of the psychological and neural basis of individual differences in the stress response, and will contribute to development of the psychotherapeutic approaches to stress-related disorders.

Neural basis of individual differences in the response to mental stress: a magnetoencephalography study.

This study aimed to validate the association between hair cortisol and 30-day integrated salivary cortisol levels. Additionally, the intra-individual stability of the hair cortisol and the association between hair cortisol and salivary cortisol in several time domains were systematically explored. Twenty-four adults (15 men and 9 women, mean age: 22.7 ± 2.8 years) were asked to collect three saliva samples per day for 30 days, immediately after awakening (time 1), 30 min after awakening (time 2), and at bedtime (time 3). The hair sample was taken from the posterior vertex as close as possible to the scalp at the end of the 30-day study period. The area under the curve based on times 1 and 3 showed that cortisol levels in the 1 cm hair segment closest to the scalp were moderately correlated with the 30-day salivary cortisol levels (r = 0.41, p = 0.047). However, this correlation was not observed for the cortisol awakening response, diurnal slope, or other metrics in different time domains. The mean salivary cortisol at time 3 was significantly correlated with hair cortisol (r = 0.42, p = 0.041). Intra-individual stability of the hair cortisol was maintained for at least 4 months. Hair cortisol may reflect basal cortisol levels more substantially over longer periods (longer than 1 month and for at least 4 month), thus reflecting longitudinal cortisol production, rather than the day-to-day temporal cortisol response. Salivary cortisol is an ideal metric for short-term or day-to-day stress response. Researchers should select suitable metrics, such as hair cortisol for basal level (or trait) or salivary cortisol for response (or state), depending on the study objective.

Article	Year
Neural basis of individual differences in the response to mental stress: a magnetoencephalography study. Brain imaging and behavior\| PubMed ID: 26586263	2016
Association between hair cortisol and diurnal basal cortisol levels: A 30-day validation study. Psychoneuroendocrinology\| PubMed ID: 32276241	2020

Shuusaku Nomura

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