laser-capture-microdissection-on-surgical-tissues-to-identify

Laser Capture Microdissection on Surgical Tissues to Identify Aberrant Gene Expression in Impaired Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetes

The global prevalence Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is escalating at a rapid rate. Patients with T2DM suffer from a multitude of complications and one ...

University of Bradford

The establishment of primary cells from fresh tissue is a widely used method for investigating human tissue in vitro. The skin harbors different cell populations in the dermis and the hair follicle, which can be isolated for downstream analysis. Here we describe the isolation of four dermal fibroblast populations from human haired skin and their maintenance in culture. The four cell populations for which isolation is described are papillary dermal fibroblast cells, reticular dermal fibroblast cells, hair follicle dermal sheath cells, and hair follicle dermal papilla cells.

Isolation of Different Dermal Fibroblast Populations from the Skin and the Hair Follicle.

Like the skin, our hair shows striking changes with age, producing hairs with altered diameter, lustre, and texture. The biology of hair aging has focused predominately on various aspects of the hair cycle, follicle size, and the fibre produced, but surprisingly the impact of the aging scalp dermal environment on the hair follicle and fibre has been generally overlooked. Hair loss affects both sexes with incidence increasing with age. In men, male pattern-balding (androgenetic alopecia) is driven by androgens and follows a specific pattern of frontotemporal and vertex regression. Women also experience female pattern hair loss (FPHL), presenting as more general, diffuse hair thinning. Hair thinning in women is commonly associated with the menopause, corresponding with other age-related changes in skin. The rapidly growing hair follicle undergoes continued renewal throughout the life span of an individual, where it is exposed to a substantial number of extrinsic and intrinsic stressors. As the hair follicle sits deep within the dermis with its bulb residing in the hypodermis, detrimental age-related changes in the surrounding scalp skin may likely disrupt the hair follicle machinery. The impacts of these changes are unknown, but evidence suggests that scalp skin aging and hair follicle aging go hand-in-hand. Herein we summarize the evidence that the age-related changes observed in sun-exposed human skin also occur in scalp skin and that these changes are likely to play a contributing role in the aging hair phenotype.

Getting under the skin of hair aging: the impact of the hair follicle environment.

In women, ageing leads to reduced hair density and thinner fibers and can result in female pattern hair loss (FPHL). However, the impact of the ageing dermal environment on female scalp hair follicles (HFs) remains unclear. Here we document in situ changes in 22 women (19-81yrs), and in primary cultures of dermal fibroblast (DF) and dermal sheath (DS) cells. In situ, the papillary/reticular boundary was indistinguishable in young scalp, but prominent over 40yrs, accompanied by reduced podoplanin (PDPN) expression, increased versican (VCAN) expression, and changes in collagen organisation. HFs were shorter, not reaching the adipose layer. Hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) was highly expressed, while matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) was elevated in the DP and DS in situ. Primary DF cultures confirmed MMP1 increased with age, while in DS cells, HAS2 and PDPN increased and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) decreased. Both exhibited increased cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) expression. Proteomics revealed an increase in DS proteins in the DF secretome with age. In summary, ageing female scalp shows striking structural and biological changes in the HF environment that may impact hair growth.

Article	Year
Isolation of Different Dermal Fibroblast Populations from the Skin and the Hair Follicle. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)\| PubMed ID: 32314204	2020
Getting under the skin of hair aging: the impact of the hair follicle environment. Experimental dermatology\| PubMed ID: 32358903	2020
Age-related changes in female scalp dermal sheath and dermal fibroblasts: how the hair follicle environment impacts hair ageing. The Journal of investigative dermatology\| PubMed ID: 33326808	2020

Rachael Williams

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